With the increase in the number of greenhouses and the growing variety of cultivars, the prices of vegetables have generally stabilized or declined in the past two years, directly affecting the income of vegetable growers and the enthusiasm of growing vegetables. For this reason, the authors are trying to improve the production of solar greenhouse vegetables. The economic benefits were studied. After the exploration and practice in 2000-2002, the cultivation and management patterns of solar greenhouses in northern cold regions were summarized. Compared with the traditional one-year basic two-dimensional fruit and vegetable dishes, a comparatively simple method was achieved. With high economic efficiency, the annual output value of a greenhouse of 667 square meters is more than 30,000 yuan. 1. The main cultivars of the head sorghum are arranged for dry cucumber, the cultivar is green silver. Sowing on January 5-10, planting on February 15-20, harvesting on March 20-25, and pulling on June 5-10, producing 7,000 kg per 667 square meters with an output value of 17,000 yuan. The second crop is Chinese cabbage, which is Xiafeng or Yangchun. Sowing on May 5-10, planting on June 10-15, harvesting on July 20-25, producing 5,000 kg per 667 square meters, with an output value of 0.4 million yuan. The third crop is tomato, which is Zhongza 9 or Zhongza 11. Sowing on June 20-25, planting on July 25-30, and pulling on November 20-25, producing 5,000 kg per 667 square meters with an output value of 0.8 million yuan. The last one is leeks and the species is leeks. Sowing at the end of November, it was collected at the end of January and completed in mid-February. It produced 600 kg per 667 square meters, and the output value was 0.4 million yuan. 2, cultivation techniques 2.1 Dry cucumber. Will not apply herbicide pastoral soil (preferably green onion sprouts) 5, peat 3, 1 plant ash, decomposed chicken manure 1, diammonium phosphate 0.5kgm (upper right -3) after mixing into 10cmx10cm In the nutrition bowl, the nutrient soil is 1.5cm from the mouthwash. Choose the year or 1 - 2a (year) to produce quality seeds, before sowing in the sun for 2h (hours), then put in 55 °C constant temperature water soak 10-15min (minutes), stirring down to room temperature to continue soaking 6- -8h (hours), germination at 25--28°C. At the time of sowing, each pod was sowed and 0.8 cm thick fine soil was placed after sowing, covering the film with the cotyledon and then uncovering the soil. The temperature during the day before emergence is 28-32°C and 12- 18°C ​​at night. The first true leaf grows to 20--30°C during the day and 13--18°C during the night. Cold exercise before colonization for 5-7 days (days). If water shortage occurs during seedling period, seedlings can be used to cultivate soil. If you can not meet the water demand, choose sunny morning with warm water once drenched, over 1- 2d (days) and then dry soil once. During the seedling stage spray two to three 0.3%-0.5% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed solution, the middle down seedlings 1--2 times. Every 667 m2 of Pu Shi is decomposed organic fertilizer (preferably chicken manure) 5000 kg, 30 kg of DAP, 20 kg of potassium sulfate, after the deep turn 20--30cm, flatten the land and do the sorghum. The height of the dragonfly is 15--20cm, width is 100cm, and the distance between the dragonfly is 30cm. For every 667 square meters of planting time, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate was used, the distance between the front of the greenhouse was 15--20 cm, the middle and back parts were about 28 cm, the rear part was 30--33 cm, and the 667 square meters of seedling protection was 3,700. Cover the soil after planting and cover the mulch for about 1 week. After each piece of 4-6 pieces of melons was harvested, 1 piece was removed from the front of each piece of 1--2 pieces. Colonization to moderate seedlings during the day 28-32 °C, night 13--15 °C. The melon period is 28-32°C during the day, 25--28°C in the afternoon, and 15-18°C in the night. Because there are melons, the supply of fertilizer and water must be sufficient. Generally, after the roots have been harvested, the water is chased once per 1- 3 times, and the top-dressing should be performed a small number of times. The urea, ammonium nitrate and potassium sulphate are suitable. Each time 667 square meters of ammonium nitrate 10 - 15kg or urea 10kg, while applied every 2 - 3 times the above fertilizer applied 1 times potassium sulfate, 5kg each time. Combine fertilization with tillage, with a depth of no more than 15cm; use a bamboo pole to stand upright or use a rope to suspend and pick up the main stem with 30 leaves. The average melon quality is 100--200g or 10-14d (days) after the female flower is harvested. 2.2 Chinese cabbage. Selected high quality rapeseed in the sun for 2 - 3 hours (hours), live in a 13cmx13cm nutrient pods, 3 - 5 capsules per capsule. The nutritious soil was made up of 3 parts of soil, 1 part of ash, 1 part of decomposed horse manure, and 0.5 kg of m (superior-3) diammonium phosphate. After the emergence of 2--3 leaves, a single seedling maintains the seedlings at the heart stage, and does not control the water at the seedling stage (except for a few days before planting). Pay attention to pest control. The temperature is controlled at 20-25°C during the day and 13-15°C at night. Rosette chase 1 time 0.5% urea water. Immediately after the cucumber is pulled, clear the land and do not use another basal fertilizer. Made of north and south ridge, ridge width 50cm. For transplanting, 30 kg of diammonium phosphate was applied per 667 square meters, and 2800 strains were preserved per 667 square meters. After slowing the seedlings, the fertilizers and waters are soon promoted. Before re-application, apply ammonium nitrate or urea 1 time, generally 667 square meters with urea 20kg. 2.3 Tomatoes. Soak high-quality seeds with water for 5-6h (hours) and soak them in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes (minutes). Wash them clean with water and directly sow in 8cmx8cm nutrient bowls filled with soil. cucumber. Each seedling was broadcasted with 2 - 3 capsules and 2 seedlings. The nursery beds were selected for the well-ventilated and rain-proof areas, and the beds were always kept moist. Seedling management is mainly ventilation and cooling, anti-growth, anti-virus diseases and pests. Spray 20% of virus A500 times in the seedling stage 2--3 times, if it is found to be long enough to spray 200mgL (upper right-1) paclobutrazol 1 times in the 2-leaf 1 heart stage. Base fertilizer applied with cucumber. When transplanting, open the ditch with a row spacing of 55--58cm. The depth of the ditch should be flush with the bottom leaf of the tomato. Before transplanting, apply 20 kg of DAP and 10 kg of potassium sulfate per 667 square meters. Place the seedlings at a spacing of 28 to 30 cm. The 1.5 m site at the front end of the greenhouse can be denser. Take 15 cm as a good measure, depending on the occurrence of virus disease. One strain went to one, individual leggy seedlings could be planted, and 3000--3200 strains per 667m2 were maintained. After planting the soil, the thickness is 3/4 of the ditch depth. Ventilation and cooling are required after planting. If sunlight is strong at noon, shading can be performed for a short period of time to reduce the temperature as much as possible. When the outside temperature is low in late September, attention should be paid to cold insulation, keeping it at 23--28°C during the day and 15°C at night. As the temperature continues to fall, cover straw and other cold insulation. After transplanting, the water is mainly promoted, and the ground water is often kept moist. In the early flowering stage, the fertilizer is reused for 1 time. Apply 20kg urea and 10kg of potassium sulfate per 667m2. Lightly apply 1st stage fertilizer at the beginning of fruit enlargement. Use 10kg urea and 10kg of potassium sulfate per 667m2. Using single stem pruning, leaving 3 ear fruit per plant, leaving 3 - 4 fruit per ear. Rigging when scaffolding. During the whole growth period, we must pay attention to early stage antivirus, early blight, late-stage protection against late blight, and cotton bollworm. The first ear was matured and harvested in time. The leaves under the first panicle were completely removed, and the bottom leaves of the panicle were harvested after each panicle was harvested. Afterwards, the bottom leaves of the panicle were treated with anti-cracking and premature aging, and the upper part was preserved. The new shoots were removed and their growth points removed. The last 1 spikes can be harvested early due to low temperature, treated with ethephon to promote early maturation. 2.4 leek. The former crop was cleaned up without additional basal fertilizer. After deep pounding, the soil particles are broken and leveled, so that the soil loose grass is not dark, and then it is done. The width is 1.0--1.2m, and the distance between the bracts is 20--30cm. Use about 50g per 667 square meters. For uniform sowing, it is advisable to add 1.5--2.0 kg of sifting and yellow sand to mix well. Keep the temperature at 15-25°C during the day and above 10°C at night. Seedlings can emerge in 5--7d (days). Seedlings are sparse and weeded in the 2- to 3-leaf stage. Apply 0.3%--0.5% urea water to keep the soil moist. , 800-1000 strains of seedlings per square meter. The harvest period can be harvested and sold. Should be harvested in batches, large mining is not mining, mining is not weak, after harvest, make up once 0.3% - 0.5% urea water, promote weak seedlings long. (Chen Qingdong, male, assistant researcher, Changchun Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Li Shumin, Yang Lianhui, Ji Xiujie, Rong Shimin, Chuan Chuanan, correspondence address with the first author)

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