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I. Enhancing dredging and disinfection of ponds Pond siltation is one of the main factors that limit fishery production, and it is also an important cause of fish diseases. There are many parasites and pathogenic microorganisms in the sludge. When the water quality environment deteriorates, it is prone to large-scale growth and spread, leading to outbreaks and epidemics of fish diseases. In particular, old fish ponds, dead water ponds, leaking water ponds and ponds with thick sludge that have been farmed for many years are required to use cold winter free time, pumping pool water, and after sun exposure and freezing, excavate too thick silt and remove weeds. Highly reinforced Tanggu. At the same time, use lime or bleach and Trichlorfon and other drugs to completely sterilize. II. Timely stocking of fingerlings is a good season for fingerlings to be stocked before and after the New Year to the Spring Festival. In winter, the fish seedlings have low water temperature and tight scales, which are convenient for fishing operations and transportation. They are not susceptible to injury and have a high survival rate. Fish stocking should pay attention to the following points: 1. Fish ponds before stocking should be sterilized with quicklime; 2. Fish stocking time should be selected on sunny days, and fish species should be used in front of the pond with 1%~2% Saline or 15 g/m3 of potassium permanganate sterilize the fish to kill the bacteria on the fish. 3. Grasp the quality of the fish. Generally, the size of the stocked fish should be 13 cm or more (or 16 to 30 fish per kilogram). The fish should be strong, the scales and fins should be complete, lively, and disease-free. This kind of fingerling has strong adaptability and survival. The rate is high. Third, strengthen the fish production management during the winter (a) the management of open-air fish ponds 1. Maintain a stable high water level. In the winter and winter season, raising the water level and increasing the capacity of the water body can not only maintain a relatively stable water temperature, but also improve the water quality conditions. It is an effective measure to reduce the wintering mortality rate. During normal wintering, the fish pond water level should be maintained at 1.8 to 2.0 meters. When it is found that the water level drops by 10-15 cm, new water must be added to keep the water level stable. 2. Adjust the water quality and enhance the cold resistance of the fish. The general method can be taken: splash lime slurry and apply phosphate fertilizer every 15~20 days to increase the concentration of calcium and phosphorus in the water to enhance the cold resistance of the fish and improve the water quality. 3. Properly reduce the density of fish culture to prevent the occurrence of hypoxia-dead fish due to the high fish density in the wintering ponds and adult fish holding ponds. 4. Proper feeding to enhance fish's constitution. The traditional practice is that fish don't feed feed during the wintering period, but rely on the consumption of nutrients to maintain life. According to the production experience, the adults generally lose 6% to 8% after winter and the mortality rate is 3% to 5%; the ability of the fish species to tolerate adverse environmental conditions is even lower due to the individual's smallness, and the body is more than 10% more important than death. A rate of 8 to 10%; fish with poor physique and higher mortality during wintering. During the overwintering period, proper supplementation of the concentrate feed can not only maintain the normal level before winter, but also increase the survival rate of overwintering. The feed quality is better, generally it is better to feed powdered cake or compound feed. The amount of feeding depends on the temperature of the water. When the water temperature is above 5°C, it is fed once every 3 to 5 days. The daily dosage is 0.5%~1.0% of the fish body weight. When the water temperature rises above 8°C, the fish activity will continue when the water temperature rises above 8°C. Increase, should increase the amount of feeding. Can also be 10 to 15 days to vote once, the feed is concentrated in the middle of the fish pond or deep water, feeding amount according to the pond size and fish population density to consider, generally put 5 ~ 8 kg / acre. (II) Management of wintering fish in greenhouse 1. Indoor temperature control: According to the different requirements of various fishes on temperature, do a good job in regulating temperature. For example, the soft-shelled turtle is the best growing environment in the water temperature of 30°C~32°C. In order to ensure the rapid and healthy growth of the soft-shelled turtle during wintering, the indoor temperature is generally controlled at 30°C~33°C, and the water temperature is stable at 31°C~32°C. . Fish, such as tilapia and freshwater whitefish, should maintain the water temperature at the lower limit of their growth temperature. This will not only keep the fish's lower food intake and activity levels, but also reduce the pressure on water quality. In winter, the temperature of tilapia generally should be maintained at 18°C~19°C, freshwater daylight should be maintained at 21°C~22°C, and it should remain relatively stable. 2. Regulation of water quality: The pH value should be controlled at a slightly alkaline level. The general requirement is to be controlled at 7.5 to 8.0, which can reduce the incidence of fish. At low temperatures, 15 to 20 ppm of quicklime can be used to adjust. The transparency is preferably 25~35cm, and the water color is yellow-green or dark brown. Maintain appropriate dissolved oxygen: If the long-term dissolved oxygen is insufficient, it may cause low dissolved oxygen syndrome of the soft-shelled turtle. Commonly used air compressors in aquaculture improve dissolved oxygen in water. Tilapia and freshwater white fleas require more dissolved oxygen. High, should pay attention to increase dissolved oxygen, and always keep the dissolved oxygen in the water body above 4mg/l, to prevent the dead fish from flooding due to lack of oxygen. Timely change of water and sewerage: Regular water changes and sewage discharge are effective means of regulating water quality. Changing the water and discharging the sewage should be performed at a relatively high temperature on sunny days. The temperature difference when changing the water should not exceed 2°C, and the water change control should be 1/3 or 1/4 each time. In case of rainy days and cold weather, it is recommended to use photosynthetic bacteria, EM bacteria and other beneficial microbial agents to regulate water quality. 3. Proper feeding: Soft-shelled turtles are greatly affected by changes in the environment. When the temperature, water temperature, changes in the water environment, and medication are taken into account, the effects on the soft-shelled turtle should be taken into consideration. Feeding volume should be adjusted in time. General feeding should be controlled within 30 minutes. Feeding is usually done twice a day, once in the afternoon and one in the afternoon, and the daily feed is controlled at 2%~3% (dry material). Tilapia and freshwater whitefish are dominated by extruded materials and floating materials. Feeding methods are adopted a small number of times, in case of abrupt changes in the weather or diseases, etc., can reduce the number of feeding or stop feeding. IV. Actively Prevent Diseases Due to the low water temperature in winter and winter, the immunity of the fish itself is reduced, the disease resistance is weak, and it is easily infected and invaded by bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Aquaculture farmers need to take strict disease prevention measures. Measures. The main purpose is to regularly disinfect the body of water and fish and feed insecticidal and antiviral medicine baits. Disinfectants include lime, bromine chlorine preparations, photosynthetic bacteria and EM bacteria and other environmental drugs, oral drugs are vitamin C, florfenicol, virus spirit, immune polysaccharides, etc., alternate disinfection to enhance the body immunity. Find the disease immediately to find out the cause, and then correct diagnosis based on symptoms, the right medicine, active treatment. During the winter, the main diseases are common diseases such as red skin disease, watery mildew disease, myxosporosis, oblique tuberculosis, small melon worm disease, third generation worm disease, and anchor head lice disease. Once onset, treatment programs should be developed after the diagnosis of major pathogens according to different breeds and different diseases, and fishery drugs should be used scientifically and reasonably.