In the process of conservation of cactus and flower plants, many people often go into the cultivation of misunderstandings: as long as the plants are sun-bathed throughout the year, given high temperature and drought conditions, planting with coarse sand, etc., will be able to raise these flowers. Actually, cultivation and management of cactaceae flowers must be based on the origin, form, and habits of different species and species.
In accordance with the origin and shape of the cactus flower is divided into terrestrial and epiphytic two. The terrestrial cacti are native to the arid desert or semi-desert regions of the tropical and subtropical Americas. The stems are transformed into spherical and columnar, and the leaves become acupuncture-like. Each year from April to October is the rainy season, the water-absorbing growth period, from October to the following year 3 The month is the dormant period of water control; epiphytic cactus is native to the tropical rain forest, with flat stems, less thorns, no dormancy period or inconspicuous, and requires half-negative, warm, humid and high atmospheric humidity throughout the year.
One, basin
(1) Changing basin time is in Guangzhou. Usually, the soil is changed every year in the spring (mid March to early April) or fall (from September to mid October), and it must be stopped 3 to 5 days before the basin change. Watering. When the basin is changed, the plants are first deducted from the basin, the soil in the root is shaken cleanly, old roots, rotted roots and semi-dry roots are all cut off, taking care not to cut the main root, the so-called "radish root", leaving only healthy roots. The next 3-4cm long, the plant after cutting the roots in a cool, ventilated place to dry for 5-6 days and then replanting, so that hairy roots fast and good. If there are young plants next to the old plants, they can be plucked, and the roots should be properly pruned and planted separately to become new plants.
(2) For cultivation soil preparation, disinfection and planting of terrestrial species, 5 parts of loam, 3 parts of peat soil or leaf rot, 2 parts of coarse sand, and a little slaked lime or old wall ash may be used to make drainage and air permeability. Good calcareous sand or sandy loam; Epiphytes may be 1 part each of composted soil, coarse sand, peat soil, plus a little bone meal, formulated as neutral or slightly acidic drainage and water retention with more humus. Good fertile cultivation soil. After the culture soil is prepared, spray it with 40% formaldehyde 50 times solution 400-500ml per cubic meter. Sprinkle on the culture soil in the first 10-20 days. Mix well, cover with plastic film, and open the film 1 week before planting. After planting. When the new strains are planted, a layer of gauze should be placed on the drainage holes at the bottom of the pots to prevent pests, and then cover the tiles and other objects on the gauze to facilitate drainage. Pellets are added 2-3cm from the basin to facilitate watering later. Since the soil is moist, it is not necessary to water it immediately after planting, and it can be poured once per 7-10 days. Planted plants should be kept in a bright place without direct sunlight. After about 10 days, new roots will be germinated and water will be poured again to restore normal management.
Second, cultivation management technology
(I) Watering and water spray The terrestrial cactus has obvious growth period and dormancy period. It needs to be watered during the growth period and less water or even watering during the dormancy period. For the epiphytic type, the winter temperature is maintained at 12% or more, watering and spraying can be performed all year round; in winter, the temperature is kept below 12%, and the watering can be reduced and stopped as appropriate. When watering, grasp this principle: “Dry thoroughly, do not do it”; the water temperature should be as close as possible to the soil temperature, and summer should be as early as (before sunrise) and night (after sunset), and in winter it should be 10 Water will be poured from 11:00 to 12:00 and the water will be poured directly onto the pot, otherwise it will affect the appearance of the thorns. In addition, sprinkle water on the ground in the summer to increase the air humidity.
(B) Fertilization Fertilization master the principle: timely, appropriate, and look at the object. Fertilization is carried out in spring and autumn. Fertilize once every 20 days. It should be done in the early morning or early evening in sunny days. If the potted soil is relatively dry, sprinkle the water in pots and fertilize again. The concentration is 0.05%-0.2%. It is advisable to pour water one time the next morning for better results. Terrestrial fertilization requires fertilizers rich in potassium, phosphorus and less nitrogen, whereas epiphyte requires more nitrogen fertilizer.
(C) Light-based land-type prefers the sun, especially in winter to be fully exposed to sunlight. Generally tall and cylindrical cactus species are more resistant to strong light, in the summer can be placed outdoors without shade; smaller spherical class is more summery and semi-yin conditions, in the summer hot season in June-August on the top of Jinhu Around and around, cover with a circular plastic film so that all parts of the sphere grow evenly. Epiphytic cactuses require semi-negative conditions throughout the year.
(D) temperature cactus growth temperature is between 20-35 °C. The terrestrial type does not require too high a temperature during winter dormancy, and the temperature can be kept at 4-7°C while keeping the basin soil dry. The epiphytic type requires a higher temperature in winter to maintain 10-13°C or higher. When the summer reaches 30-35°C, the growth rate of most cacti slows down, and sometimes some kinds of stems turn yellow or burn. At this time, the sun must be shaded and sprinkled more water to reduce the temperature.
(5) Most of the air cactus flowers are native to open desert areas, with good ventilation and fresh air. Therefore, in the hot summer days, ventilation and cooling work at the cultivation place should be done. Cultivation greenhouses should be selected in the air circulation environment, and set up some more windows, skylights and the like vents, so that the hot weather ventilation. If necessary, equipment such as exhaust fans, hair dryers or electric fans can be installed to enhance the air circulation effect of the environment to promote the safety of cactus flowers in summer.
(VI) Diseases and Insects The pathogens that cause cactus flowers are bacteria and fungi, but the problem is not very serious. As long as the cultivation conditions are improved, the management measures are properly implemented, and both diseases and pests are prevented and eliminated, it is easy to obtain good results. The more common pests and diseases are:
1. Rot disease. Its pathogens are bacteria and fungi. The occurrence of this disease is often related to improper watering, poor drainage of basin soil, and persistent excessive humidity. After the diseased plant was found, the diseased tissue was immediately excised with a sharp knife, charcoal powder or sulphur powder was applied to the incision, and the watering or changing of the pot was controlled, and cutting or grafting was performed separately. It is advisable to regularly spray 40% copper oxychloride suspension 800-1000 times at planting sites and plants for prevention, but mainly to improve the ventilation conditions and to avoid continued excessive humidity.
2. Insects and other animals. There are mainly scale insects, red spiders and cockroaches. Control scale insects, can spray 50% omethoate emulsion 1000 times; control red spider, can be sprayed with 20% dicofol alcohol WP 600 times or 40% triclosan EC 1000 times; against rodents and bugs, available 2000 times liquid sprayed planters and flower pots; control of snails and clams, lime powder can be sprayed around the flower pots, can also be applied to 8% clomazone drug; control cockroaches and ants, cockroaches and ants can be placed The drug or syrup mixes with trichlorfon to poison the drug.

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