Asparagus, also known as Asparagus chinensis, also known as dragon's mustard, is a perennial, perennial herb. Its tender stems not only have a delicious and aromatic flavor, but also contain a variety of nutrients required by the human body. They are high-end expensive vegetables and have a high level. The medicinal value, long-term, edible anti-cancer effects, have a certain effect on heart disease, hypertension, heart rate, etc. The Yellow River Delta is located in the warm temperate semi-humid region, which is a continental monsoon climate. The climatic conditions are suitable for the growth of asparagus. In recent years, the asparagus planting area has gradually expanded. However, due to the high degree of soil salinization and the lack of cultivation experience, the production scale of asparagus is small, The yield is low, the effect is too late, the hollowness is more, and the disease is heavier. Through large-scale cultivation techniques of asparagus on saline-alkali land, the results show that it is entirely possible to achieve the goals of nursery seedlings, planting in the year, and harvesting shoots in spring of the following year. After three years, more than 500 kg of bamboo shoots will be harvested per acre (667 square meters, the same below). The benefits are considerable. The high-yield cultivation techniques of asparagus in saline land are described below. 1 Saline-alkali lands improve the Yellow River sediments in the mother-daughter system of the Yellow River Delta. The salinization ions are dominated by chlorides, and they are coastal salinized fluvo-aquic soils. The soil texture is tight and the ventilation is poor. The natural soil layer contains about 2.6% of salt, and the crop cannot grow. The low-yielding fields that have been developed and used have a 0.4% to 0.8% salt content in the soil layer. Therefore, the cultivation of asparagus must first improve the soil. 1.1 The dark pipe discharges alkali, accelerating the desalination of dark soil in the underground pipe. The professional pipe burier is used to bury the PVC seepage pipe 1.2~1.5m below the ground, and the saline water and underground saline water seeping from the ground are intercepted to the underground pipe. Concentrate and drain away to reduce the salinity of the soil and meet the growth and development requirements of the crop. The laying of the underground pipe adopts the drainage pipe and the water collecting pipe in two levels to form an orthogonal network mode or a skewed grid network mode. The outer surface of the collecting pipe is wrapped with glass fiber, and it can also fill 10 to 20 cm of engineering sand or slag, fly ash, etc. to prevent sediment from entering the dark pipe and increasing the effective water inlet area. The inspection wells are installed at the joints of the water collection pipes and the drainage pipes and are mainly used for the inspection of pipelines, sedimentation, dredging, flushing, ventilation, and observation. 1.2 Irrigation salt washing soil has a high salt content. It can be washed with fresh water, and the excessively soluble salts in the soil can be washed away and drained away from the drain to desalt the soil. Early spring and late autumn are the seasons of returning salt. It is advisable to fill 2 or 3 times of water. When irrigation, it is necessary to grasp the appropriate amount of irrigation so that the water is distributed evenly within the bore. The flow of water should not be too slow, otherwise the effect of pressure alkali is not good; but if the water flow is too fast, it is easy to wash away and run. Irrigation should be done near the channel and away from the drain. 1.3 Deep plowing and deep plowing, adding organic fertilizer under the topsoil, there is a layer of "alkaline compartment" that prevents salt and alkali from leaching. It is impervious to water and hard to press alkali. Before the planting, it is deeply poked at the end of autumn. The practice is to dig a piece from one side of the ground. 1 to 1.5m of the ditch, the depth of the ditch according to the depth and thickness of the clay layer, clay layer deeper deep excavation, turning up the silt thickness should exceed 35cm, and then use the ditch ditch method to turn. Salt distribution on the light, heavy soil should not be deep turned. The application of organic fertilizers in the improved saline soil is an indispensable measure. Applying more organic fertilizer can loosen the soil of saline-alkaline compaction, increase the porosity and capacity, and improve the soil moisture and physical properties. 2 Soil salinity in seedling spring has affected the survival rate of nursery. In order to increase the survival rate, the method of nursery seedlings should be adopted. In early March, choose soil with loose soil, fertile soil, good loam or sandy loam soil, deep-turn 25cm, apply 4,000 kg per acre, mix well with soil, mix into organic-rich culture soil, then level and do畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦, 畦 long 10m, width 1.2m, 耙 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦 畦, ready to sow Green bamboo shoots, seed preparation 50g per mu. Must first germination before sowing: The seeds are first rinsed with water, washed to remove the species of fleas and insects, and then soaked with 50% carbendazim 300 times for 12 hours, after disinfection with warm water 30 ~ 35 °C soak for 48 hours a day Change the water 1 or 2 times. After the seeds have fully absorbed and expanded, the seeds are filtered out, put into pots, covered with a damp cloth, placed in a temperature of 25 to 28°C for germination, and when the seeds have about 10% radicle whitening. When you are ready to sow. Before planting, the bottom of the planter shall be filled with bottom water and each row shall be streaked at a distance of 10cm. The single seed sowed by germination shall be sown in the center of the square, and the soil shall be evenly sieved on the surface of the bowl with a fine sieve. 3cm, build a small shed (also directly in the greenhouse or plastic greenhouse nursery). 3 Colonization When the asparagus seedlings have more than 3 above-ground stems and more than 7 underground storage roots, seedling height 0.3-0.5m can be planted by planting. Before the planting, the land shall be leveled, and the planting ditch with a depth of 40-50cm shall be opened at a predetermined spacing, and 3000-4000kg of manure shall be applied per acre. The mixture shall be mixed with the soil to plant the bottom of the ditch, then the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer shall be applied. 15kg is applied to the manure and mix well with the soil. The use of protective ground nursery can be planted from late April to early May. The spacing of green bamboo shoots is 1.4m, the spacing between the plants is 0.3m, and 1587 plants are planted per acre. The high density helps to prevent back-salt. Fixed method: In the middle of the whole set of planting ditch, draw a straight line, and then the seedlings with clods will be oriented according to the growing direction of the shoots of the asparagus seedlings. Generally planted in the direction of the north and south gullies, the first stem (smaller and shorter one stem) is placed on the north and must not be placed on either side of the ditch. The depth of colonization should be the same, generally 15cm. Irrigate promptly after planting and keep the soil steady. 4 Field Management 4.1 The growth stage of young asparagus from the colonization to the harvest of tender stems is called the young stage of asparagus (2 years). After the asparagus has been planted, it is necessary to water the seedlings in time. In combination with watering, grade the soil and fill the planting trenches. The lack of seedlings was found and the seedlings were filled as soon as possible. After each irrigation and rainfall, timely cultivating and removing weeds at any time. The scientific fertilization of young asparagus is a key technical link for root-producing strains to achieve premature birth and high yield. The specific fertilizer application period, type, quantity and method are as follows: When the first young stems sprout in the early spring, 4~5kg of compound fertilizer and 50~60kg of plant ash are applied per mu. The method is to open the ditch (about 10cm in depth) from the plant at 20-30cm, fertilize and cover soil. When the second batch of tender stems was unearthed, urea was applied at 5 to 6 kg per acre. In conditions where the climate and soil moisture are suitable, young asparagus will issue a batch of new tender stems every 30-40 days. After the fall, due to the cool climate and humid air, the growth and development will be even more vigorous. It should be repeated in the early autumn, white dew, and autumn. Depending on the soil fertility, 10 kg of compound fertilizer is generally applied per mu. 4.2 Mature asparagus begins from formal or mass harvesting of tender stems, and the growth and development of asparagus enters the adult stage. The main cultivation and management are as follows. 4.2.1 Fertilizer topdressing for growing up asparagus crops in stages is generally 3 times per growth cycle, ie, spring soil fertilizes bud fertilizer, 15 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu, and the second time after harvest period of tender stems is approximately 6 months. In the middle period, per acre Shi organic fertilizer 500kg, compound fertilizer 15kg, superphosphate 40kg; the third is the early autumn to apply fertilizer, 15kg compound fertilizer per acre. 4.2.2 The irrigation time and frequency of watering asparagus land should be based on the growth and development of asparagus. In general, the asparagus land should be irrigated at least 3 times a year: the first time in early spring combined with the application of budding fertilizers, irrigation of bud water, or irrigation in the middle of harvesting; the second time in the spring after the end of the bud harvest, combined with top dressing irrigation and rejuvenation Water; The third time, the frozen water was potted before the soil was frozen in the early winter to ensure that the soil contains sufficient water for early spring sprouting and harvesting. Other times in case of drought, it must also be timely irrigation. As asparagus is not resistant to water, be careful not to overdo it when watering, and pay attention to drainage during the rainy season. 4.2.3 For cultivating and weeding, firstly, after irrigating the water and rainfall, the cultivator loosens the soil to remove the ground panel knots, prevent the evaporation of water, improve the ventilation of the soil, promote the development of roots and bulbs, and secondly pay special attention to spring and In the summer tillage and weeding work, the cultivator should be shallow, so as not to injure the roots, and weed killers can also be used. 4.2.4 Dry branches clean up the dead stems and leaves in the deep winter or early spring. 5 Harvesting of young stems Green asparagus can be cut off neatly with bamboo shoots, and no stalks remain at the base. This prevents germination of lateral buds and becomes a breeding ground for pests and diseases. When harvesting bamboo shoots, according to the manufacturer's standards, it is generally 1 to 2 cm longer than the acquired length, so that purple bamboo shoots and fibers are cut away when processing. The fine stems that appear in the field, such as being too thin, curved, deformed, and pests and diseases, should be cut off in time to prevent the emergence of seedlings and flowering in the fields, and create conditions for propagation of pests and diseases. Harvesting bamboo shoots with green asparagus must be sharp and easy to carry and use. In order to increase the yield of asparagus, green asparagus can adopt the method of harvesting bamboo shoots from the stem of the mother stalk, that is, after harvesting in the spring, leave 1-3 cm in diameter and more than 1 cm in diameter of each stem as the parent stem, and then harvest the rest. The length of shoots shoots. 6 Pest control 6.1 Diseases The main diseases of the asparagus stem blight, rust, root rot, blight, brown spot, etc., of which the most serious damage stem blight. Disease prevention and control should be based on prevention, application of non-toxic high-efficiency biological pesticides or other highly effective low-toxic pesticides to prevent and treat diseases. The focus is on thorough and thorough clean-up of pastures after the end of the harvesting of the stalks and the withering of the winter plants, and thorough sterilization of the asparagus bulb trays and soil. Chemical control must be done to prevent early and prevent tenderness. The asparagus is most susceptible to disease before germination to spreading, and it is a critical period for disease prevention and control. The commonly used agents are carbendazim, Bordeaux fluid, triadimefon and so on. 6.2 Insect Pests Common pests include small tigers, earthworms, cockroaches, golden needles, fly species, aphids, thrips, fourteen-pointed mud insects, and twelve-star leafhoppers. In the prevention and control of small tigers, earthworms, cockroaches, golden needles, and fly species, we must seriously clear the garden, thoroughly remove weeds, and strictly prohibit the use of unripe organic fertilizers. In the case of nursery, carbofuran is used to kill pests, and omethoate can be sprayed during the growth of stems. The control of aphids and thrips can also be controlled by spraying omethoate. Fourteen point insects such as mud worms and Twelve Star Leaf A can be sprayed with phoxim and others. Tangshan Finely Animal Care Co.,Ltd , https://www.faczyme.com