Winter field management measures

After the clearing of the ditch, the freeze-thaw cycle and rain and snow erosions are common, and the trenches in the field are prone to collapse and clogging. The dredging and dredging work must be done as soon as possible. At the same time, wheat fields can be covered with furrows, and rapeseed fields can be rooted in clear trenches to prevent freezing and protect seedlings.

In the wheat field, due to repression of the seedlings by soil and winter wheat field suppression, the ground temperature can be increased by 1 to 1.5°C, and the relative water content of the topsoil is increased by 10%. At the same time, the tillers and secondary roots are increased. In the winter drought conditions, the suppression of wheat field is more effective than irrigation, but it should be due to local conditions. Seriously freezing damage to the wheat seedlings has been lightly suppressed to avoid excessive damage to the wheat seedlings; land that has been soiled by the total amount of straw returned to the soil has been heavily repressed. Any wheat field where shallow straw is returned to the field and has not been repressed after sowing should be smashed in the winter, so that it can withstand drought, raise heat, and protect against freezing.

Rapeseed fields cover rice straw, organic fertilizers in the rows of rapeseed, covered with organic fertilizers such as straw and earth dust, human and animal manure, can reduce the loss of soil water, enhance the preservation of the insulation capacity, and play the role of antifreeze and seedling protection.

Spring (Back to Green Joint Period) Field Management Measures

In the period of 3~5 leaf stage, the application of nitrogen fertilizer and balance fertilizer is generally applied in the 3 to 5 leaf stage of winter wheat seedlings, but it is not recommended to apply wax fertilizer and green manure. However, due to the slow progress of late sowing of young wheat seedlings in the current year, a few fields did not reach the 3 to 5 leaf stage until January, or due to lack of seedlings and seedlings due to drought and freezing damage, and still reached 1.2 to 1.5 times the number of panicle seedlings in February. Requires phlegm (rain, snow, or irrigation) to increase the application of 5 to 7.5 kg of urea per acre to promote growth and promote rooting.

In early spring, when the average temperature is above 3°C, early irrigation and drought control should pay close attention to the weather conditions before returning to green, especially the rainfall (snow) situation. If the drought persists, it should be treated early in the spring to warm up to a daily average temperature of 3°C or higher. Grasp the cold tail warmer, night when the ice is frozen, the use of sprinkler irrigation or ditch irrigation, speed irrigation speed row, row irrigation night row. After a long period of drought, flooding should not be done to prevent the topsoil from being hardened to seriously affect crop growth.

When the average daily temperature is above 5°C, except for spring, the damage to the weeds will be achieved when the grass damages are met (450 per square meter of weeds and 90 or more per square meter of broadleaf weeds). Before the jointing of wheat, grasp the cold tail warmer, the daily average temperature is stable above 5°C, and do not meet the frost temperature below 0°C. Select quasi-pharmaceutical agents to use drugs to enhance efficacy and avoid phytotoxicity. Prevent broad-leaved weeds in wheat fields, such as the plots based on pigs, common oysters, large broodstocks, leeks, etc., use 20% chlorofluoropyroxy-chloric acid per acre (eg, make it Long, Kusong Long) 50 1 ml or 75% tribenuron-methyl wettable powder (such as superstars, Mai Lele) 1 to 1.5 grams; for monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous weed mixed field, with 6.9% per acre konjac hydrangea spirit emulsion (such as Ma, Wei Ba) 50 ml plus 20% chlorofluoropoxyacetic emulsion 50 ml, before and after weed 3 leaf stage medication. Rape weeds in rapeseed field, using high-efficiency flupirtine (high-efficiency herb) or fluazifop-pill (precise killing), etc.; broadleaf weeds such as pigskin, cattle, etc. Grass remover (such as good solid, high-tech) control, or combined with manual removal of spring cultivator.

The plots of Miaochang Miaohua Controlling Early Sowing, Early Breeding, High Leaf Length, High Seedling Number, and Excessive Number of Seedlings (More Than Expected to be More Than 2 Times) Before Jointing (preferably at the time of getting up) Before the period, application of chlormequat, paclobutrazol, and other growth inhibitors and their compounding agents (such as dwarf seedlings, dwarf strong abundances, etc.), shortening the length of the first internode, and improving plant lodging resistance. Before the jointing could not be timely controlled, and the field with large peak seedlings can be sprayed with “Jinfeng” or ethephon growth regulators in the early stage of heading (breaking period), by shortening the internode length under the ear and reducing Plant height and plant center of gravity to improve lodging resistance.

In the early stage of jointing, timely control of sheath blight common wheat stem blight disease infestation of the stem base, should be mastered at the beginning of the jointing of the disease rate of 20% of the field with timely use of Jinggangmycin, hexaconazole, tebuconazole and other drugs. High-dose, large-volume water pouring or spraying to improve the control effect.

Timely application of commonwealth and reapplying wheat jointing and panicle-fertilizer and rapeseed cultivars to promote large panicles and large grains to prevent premature dehydration. Wheat joint-fertilizers are mastered in the inverted 3-leaf stage, ie, pale leaf color fades, peak seedlings fall, and basic basal internodes are basically determined. When the length of the first and second internodes begins to elongate, the weaker Miao field with insufficient population is applied in advance, and the large-scale Wangmiao field is postponed. The Huainan area is generally used in the middle and early March, and the Huaibei area is used in the middle or late March. Each acre pure nitrogen 4 ~ 5 kg, phosphorus pentoxide 3 ~ 4 kg, potassium oxide 5 ~ 6 kg, to apply compound fertilizer plus urea, or special formula fertilizer is appropriate. For the establishment of high-yield wheat and medium-strength wheat fields, the spikes from the tip of the flag leaf to the cracking stage should be applied, and 3 to 4 kg of pure nitrogen should be applied per acre, with urea being appropriate. Weak gluten wheat bases in the coastal areas along the Yangtze River should follow the principle of “advance nitrogen control” and use one-time jointing fertilizer in the inverted three-leaf stage, and do not advocate panicle fertilizer to ensure weak gluten quality. For the normal high-yield rapeseed field, when the plants begin to fall yellow and the height of the crop is 25-30 cm, the fertilizer is reapplied. The pure nitrogen is 5.5-7.5 kg per mu and the potassium oxide is 3.5-4.5 kg. Nitrogen 2 kg to prevent premature aging. For most rapeseed fields that have insufficient growth during the winter and have had budding manure once in early spring, apply the second manure appropriately after convulsions. The total amount of nitrogen applied to the two manures accounts for 30% to 40 of the total nitrogen applied in one lifetime. %. For those fields that have not applied boron fertilizer or are prone to lack of boron in the previous period, increase the use of available boron fertilizer or 0.25 kg of borax per acre to prevent “flowering but not realizing”.

Plan in advance and remediate in time to prevent possible spring frost and cold damage. Inspect the extent of frost spikes 2 to 3 days after the late spring and low temperature, and return to the wheat field where the frost death rate exceeds 10%. In the wheat field with a 10% to 30% frost-free rate of young ear, 5 kg of urea is applied per acre. In the wheat field with a 3% increase in the frozen rate of young ear, the application of urea is increased by 2% to 3 kg per 10%. Not more than 15 kilograms, in order to shake the childbirth and the postnatal high birth position till the panicle, to restore the loss of production. The rapeseed bud stage encounters the late spring frost and cold damage, depending on the seedling condition, the application of 5 kg urea per acre promotes recovery. The early flowering period combined with the prevention and treatment of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sprayed mixed fertilizer and promoted grain enlargement of pods.

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