Composting is an organic fertilizer widely used in rural areas of China. It is made up of straw, defoliation, weeds, water grass, green manure, peat, garbage, river mud, human and animal manure, and other organic wastes. Divided into ordinary compost and high-temperature compost. First, the compost system method 1. General compost: Ordinary compost is decomposed under odious conditions, the temperature of compost does not exceed 50 °C, and the decomposing time is longer, about 3-5 months. The accumulation method differs depending on the season and other conditions. There are three types of flat-type, semi-pit, and underground types. (1) Flat type: suitable for areas with high temperatures, heavy rainfall, high humidity, high groundwater levels, or summer fat accumulation. Before the heap, the terrain was dry and flat, close to the water source, and easy to transport. The pile is 2 meters wide, and the stack height is 1.5-2 meters. The length of the pile depends on the number of materials. Before compaction, the ground is compacted and then covered with a layer of fine grass or peat to absorb the sap. Each layer is 15-24 cm thick, with appropriate amount of water, lime, sludge, human waste, etc. between each layer. The top layer is covered with a layer of fine soil or river mud to reduce evaporation of moisture and volatilization loss of ammonia. Pile about one month or so, turn it over once, then add water according to the degree of dryness and humidity of the compost, then stack it for about one month, and then turn it till it is cooked. The speed of composting changes with the seasons. Summers are hot and humid, composting takes about 2 months at a time, and winter takes 3-4 months to decompose. (2) Semi-pit type: Semi-pit compost is commonly used in the early spring and winter in the north. First, build a pit at Gaotan at Xiangyang Lee. The pit is 2-3 feet deep, the pit bottom is 5-6 feet wide, and the length is 8-12 feet. The bottom wall of the pit has a pit-shaped vent groove with a groove depth of 5-6 inches. A ventilation tower is located at the intersection of the ventilating trench. The compost was 3 feet above the ground, and 1000 kg of air-dried straw was added. The top of the pile was sealed with mud. After one week, the temperature rises. After the high temperature period, the temperature in the heap drops by 5-7 days. The temperature can be turned upside down so that the inside and outside of the pile are evenly distributed and piled until maturity. (3) Deep pit type: The pit is 2 meters deep, and all of it is underground, also called "underground type". The method of composting is similar to semi-pit type. 2. High-temperature composting High-temperature compost is an organic fertilizer, especially one of the main methods for harmless treatment of human waste. After straw and urine are treated with high temperature, the harmful substances such as bacteria, eggs, and grass can be eliminated. In order to speed up the decomposition of straw, high-temperature compost must be inoculated with high-temperature cellulose-decomposing bacteria and an aeration device must be set up. In cold regions, measures should be taken to prevent the cold. There are two types of high-temperature compost piles: plain and semi-pit. The method of stacking is the same as common compost, but it is necessary to add a good heat of high-temperature cellulose-decomposing bacteria to promote the decomposition of straw. Horse manure was used instead of horse dung to achieve the purpose of inoculation. The method for producing horse dung culture liquid is to mix 2 horse dung and 20-30 pounds of water and put it into a white iron drum. The barrel is capped and placed on the top of the compost. The barrel body is sold into the pile. The barrel mouth is exposed to the outside and can be used after being placed at a high temperature of 65° C. for 4-5 days. The amount of culture fluid used was 1% of the compost material. High-temperature compost generally undergoes several stages such as fever, high temperature, cooling, and decomposition. The high temperature stage can kill insects. Second, the composition and nature of composting Compost generally contains 15-25% of organic matter, fresh compost about 60-65% moisture content, nitrogen containing 0.4-0.5%, phosphorus 0.18-0.26%, potassium 0.45-0.67%, carbon Nitrogen ratio 16-20:1. High-temperature compost has higher nutrient content and organic matter than ordinary compost. The ripened compost is dark brown in color, brown or colorless, and smelly. Third, the application of compost and fertilizer effect Compost is a complete fertilizer containing organic matter and various nutrients, long-term use of compost can play a role in improving soil fertility. Compost is a hot fertilizer. Compost can be composted (dressing), used as manure, and semi-composted compost is used as base fertilizer. Due to the short growing period of vegetable crops and the need for fat, vegetable compost should be applied. In the high-yielding fields, the crops require more nitrogen, and the nitrogen in the compost is often insufficient. Therefore, nitrogen must be applied to make up for the shortage. The method of applying compost on different soils is also different. Composted compost is applied to viscous soils, and moderately decomposed compost (or semi-composted compost) is applied on sandy soils.