I. Zhanhua winter jujube production status Zhanhua County, Shandong Province, according to "start up, to achieve large-scale; organization, to achieve industrialization; scale up and achieve standardization," cultivated Zhanhua Dongzao this characteristic industry. In recent years, the county vigorously promoted the standardized production of Dongzao and vigorously developed green jujube and organic jujube. At present, the area of ​​Dongzao dense planting garden has reached 36,000 hectares, with a total output of 250 million kilograms, and a sales income of 1.5 billion yuan. Second, the status of nutrients in winter date garden The soil types in Zhanhua County are dominated by coastal fluvo-aquic soils and coastal salinized fluvo-aquic soils. According to a sample survey conducted this spring, the average content of soil organic matter in winter jujube orchards is 10.25 g/kg, alkaline dissolved nitrogen 38.74 mg/kg, and available phosphorus 8.46 mg/kg. Kg, available potassium content 185.3 mg/kg. The plough layer nutrient deficiency is an important indicator of the soil fertility level. In terms of stable production and high yield requirements, the soil nutrients in the county are lower in content of available potassium, and the content of other nutrients is lower, with a ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of 4.6. 1:1:21.9, from the point of view of fertilizer supply, the proportion is imbalanced and there is a serious lack of phosphorus. According to this situation, it lays the foundation for the next fertilization and formulating special fertilizer. Third, fertilization technology The selection of fertilizers should meet the requirements for the production of non-polluted fruit products. Compost, manure, ring fertilizer, crop straw, cake fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, and manure fertilizer should be the main organic fertilizers, and inorganic chemical fertilizers should be used in appropriate amounts so that organic and inorganic fertilizers can be used in combination. Organic manure includes: compost, manure, circulatory, crop stalks, cake fertilizer, microbial fertilizer, barium fertilizer, etc.; inorganic fertilizers include: mineral phosphate fertilizer (phosphorus ore), mineral nitrogen fertilizer, mineral potassium fertilizer, limestone, nitrogen fertilizer optimized according to soil nutrient status , Phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, and inorganic compound fertilizer that meets requirements. Fertilizer mainly made of trace elements such as copper, zinc, iron, manganese, boron, molybdenum, and beneficial elements. 1. Base fertilizer Basal fertilizer is the basic fertilizer for the growth of winter jujube trees. Generally, it can be applied in the spring and autumn seasons, but it is better to harvest the fruits after the harvest and before the leaves fall. During this period, the leaves still have certain photosynthetic efficiency. The root system is at the last growth peak in the annual cycle, which is conducive to the absorption of mineral nutrients and Accumulation of organic nutrients. The purpose of autumn basal fertilization is to increase the storage nutrition of the tree to meet the needs of budding, flower bud differentiation and flowering and fruit setting in the following year. The application of basal fertilizer combined with deep ploughing and soil reform is mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizers. Multi-hole scattering method should be adopted, and the use of channel fertilization method should be forbidden, and the “pointed fertilizer water†method should be advocated. Saplings (below 5 years old) apply 25 kg to 50 kg of organic fertilizer, 0.15 kg to 0.4 kg of urea or diammonium phosphate, 1 kg to 2 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, and 100 kg to 150 kg of organic fertilizer to mature trees. Urea or diammonium phosphate 0.4 kg to 1 kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 2 kg to 4 kg, 1.5 kg of potassium sulfate or 10 kg of plant ash. 2. Underground fertilizer The topdressing is carried out three times a year, respectively before budding, fruit setting, and fruit enlargement. The early stage of the growth of winter jujube is an intense period for each organ to compete for nutrition. At this time, due to insufficient storage and nutrient of the tree, the normal growth and development of various organs are affected, and even flowering and fruit setting is impaired, and the fruit development is hindered. Therefore, the topdressing can make the jujube tree shoots neat and uniform, grow vigorously, hang long, and have large leaves, which is conducive to flower bud differentiation. This not only ensures the normal growth of winter jujube tree on nutrient requirements, but also helps improve yield. The topdressing is mainly based on available nitrogen and phosphorus. The young tree plant applies 0.1 kg to 0.2 kg of diammonium phosphate, and the mature tree plant applies 0.3 kg to 0.4 kg of diammonium phosphate. In early June, flowering and fruiting consume more nutrients, and often due to lack of nutrition, resulting in a large number of flowering and fruit drop, so the top dressing is very important at the flowering time. This top dressing can promote the robust growth of branches and leaves, improve the quality of flower bud differentiation, increase the fruit setting rate, and reduce flowering and fruit drop. It is beneficial to the growth and development of fruits. The type of fertilizer used was mainly nitrogen fertilizer. The saplings of the young trees were 0.1 kg to 0.2 kg, and the mature tree strains were 0.25 kg to 0.4 kg of urea. In early July, the young fruit was top-dressed during the expansion period. The purpose of top-dressing was to reduce physiological fruiting, promote fruit enlargement, and increase fruit yield and quality. The NPK fertilizer and trace element compound fertilizer were applied at this stage. The young plant strain was applied from 0.4 kg to 0.5 kg, and the mature tree plant was applied from 0.6 kg to 1 kg. 3 outside the top dressing Fertilizers outside the roots are also called foliar spray fertilizers. That is, in the growing season of winter jujube trees, the fertilizer is formulated into a certain concentration of liquid and sprayed on the trees. This method is simple and easy to use, with less fertilizer, quick effect, generally after 1 to 2 hours after spraying can be processed into the leaves, synthesized by the tree, the effect of increasing production is very obvious. Foliar spray fertilizer is an indispensable fertilization method for the top-dressing of winter jujube trees. Before flowering, flowering, young fruiting, and late growth, foliar spray of urea solution can increase the nitrogen deficiency of the soil and make the leaves darker. Improve photosynthetic efficiency, thus contributing to nutrient accumulation and yield increase. Spraying boron at flowering time will help increase fruit setting rate. Spraying phosphorus and potassium solution during young fruit period can improve fruit quality and yield. Due to soil alkalinity caused by iron deficiency yellow leaves, spraying ferritin can turn yellow leaves to green, and also have a good effect on the restoration of tree vigor. Fertilizer spraying on leaves, flowering time should be used alone, in other periods it can be combined with pest control, mixed with some pesticides that can be mixed. From the beginning of May, leaves are sprayed every half month or so. When applying fertilizer, care should be taken to spray the fertilizer on the back of the blade, because the back of the plant leaves absorb nutrients faster than the front of the blade. Spraying should be done on a sunny day with no wind. During the day, the best time is from 4-5 pm to the evening, followed by the morning until 10:00 am. Because of the high temperature at noon and the large amount of evaporation, it affects the utilization of fertilizers and even causes fertilizer damage. The foliar spray fertilizer concentration is as follows: urea 0.3% to 0.5%; potassium sulfate 0.4%; potassium nitrate 0.5% to 1%; zinc sulfate 0.3%; ferrous sulfate 0.3%; magnesium sulfate 0.1%; borax 0.5% to 0.7 %; superphosphate 2% leachate; ash leaching 4%; potassium dihydrogen sulfate 0.3%. Shandong Zhanhua County Agricultural Bureau
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