At present, the scale of gingiva breeding is expanding day by day, gradually becoming the most important cultured species for industrialization of seawater and marine cage culture in the northern part of China. However, with the continuous expansion of the scale of cultivation, various diseases have begun to occur frequently, which has caused great harm to the breeding of gingiva, of which the most serious is the damage of gingival ascites. In 2002, the gingival breeding factories in the north of China, whether they were on-site factory culture or cage culture, were deeply affected by gingival seedlings (5-6mm) until 200-400g/tail fishes in autumn and winter. . The mortality rate of many aquaculture plants exceeds 50%, and even more than 80%, which brings huge economic losses to the gingivae farmers and also greatly undermines their enthusiasm for breeding. The author through the production practice in recent years, combined with the investigation of a number of aquaculture plants, summed up some of the prevention and treatment of gingival ascites, for the majority of farmers. 1. There are two pathogens of pathogenic gingival ascites: one is EDWARD SIELLA TARDA, the other is Gram-negative, and it has a kinematic, short rod-shaped, size (0.5-1) UM (1-3) UM. The developmental temperature range is 15-42°C, the optimum temperature is 31°C, the developmental PH value ranges from 5.5-9.0, the salinity is 0%-4%; the other is Aeromonas hydrophila (ERONONAS HYDROPHILA ), bacteria short rod-shaped, no spores, no decidua, single or two connected, polar single flagellum, dynamic, negative Gram stain. 2. The symptoms caused by the two pathogens are also slightly different. The common symptom is the abdomen swelling of the diseased fish with a large amount of ascites. In addition, the symptoms caused by Edwards bacteria are mainly the expansion of the anus red, and some intestinal prolapse from the anus. Red fins and bleeding. The red end of the kiss and the white turbidity of the eyeball protruded. Neck and dorsal fin rise underneath. Black body color, poor eating, shaking and jogging on the surface of the water. The liver and kidneys are swollen and there are many small white spots on the kidneys. Some also have local liver necrosis and bleeding. Symptoms caused by Aeromonas hydrophila mainly include basal, oral, cleft palate, and somatic surface hemorrhage or ulcers. Anatomically sick fish have no food in the digestive tract, are filled with pale yellow mucus, and have a little white sticky mass. Liver red or bright red, there are obvious bleeding symptoms. The gallbladder is large and the kidneys have different degrees of edema. The on-site initial diagnosis of ascites generally depends only on the symptoms of the diseased fish, combined with microscopic examination. To be diagnosed, bacteria should be isolated, cultured and identified. 3. Incidence of the disease and the disease from a few centimeters of juvenile to adult fish have occurred. Judging from the current situation, almost all domestic gingiva breeding factories are not spared. At water temperatures above 17°C, the culture density is too high, the proportion of water is too low, fish populations that ingest excessive amounts are prone to occur, the daily mortality rate is 0.2%-1%, and it is often manifested as acute type, and there is an afternoon to early afternoon after clearing the pool. Some of the fish's abdomen swelled and most of them died on the same day. When the water temperature exceeds 20°C, the mortality rate will increase dramatically. The death from gingival ascites and the long-term continuous death are some of the features. Some breeders have entered the pool from the time they enter the pond to winter and winter, and the death has not stopped. This has caused huge losses. 4. Preventive measures From the point of view of the development process of gingival ascites in 2002, once the gums became ill, their complete cure was very difficult. Therefore, effective prevention measures for this disease are particularly important. The main preventive measures are as follows. (1) It is also most important to deal with aquaculture water. Otherwise, even if other measures are done well or if multiple drugs are administered, it will not help. Aquaculture water must be strictly sand filtered to remove various parasites, such as trichophae, and secretive larvae, because parasites can damage the body surface of fish and provide a pathway for bacterial infection. At the same time, the aquaculture water is best decontaminated by UV manager or ozone device. If no such equipment is available, sand-filtered seawater can be injected into the reservoir first, and the whole pool can be disinfected with various chlorine preparations (such as bleaching powder, chlorine dioxide, and 2). Oxy isocyanuric acid, etc.) After sufficient aeration or neutralization of residual oxygen, enter the culture tank. (2) The feeds fed with the bait must be clean. Feeding some wild fish is one of the transmission routes of the disease. Therefore, it is relatively safe to feed the artificial feed. (3) Do not overfeed the disease during the epidemic season, especially during periods of high water temperature, and do not make the fish full. Under the same conditions, satiety fish will have less resistance to diseases. The high water temperature period in summer cannot pursue the growth rate of fish. (4) Avoiding fish injury When artificially clearing the pond or changing cages, try to avoid injury to the fish body. After the operation, antibiotics should be used for the medicinal bath to prevent secondary infection of the wound. (5) The salinity of aquaculture water should not be too low Many farms are heavily loaded with underground freshwater to avoid excessive water temperatures in summer, resulting in aquaculture water salinity below 18 ç›. Ginseng cultured in low salinity water is more susceptible to the disease. (6) The stocking density should not be too large, especially in the high water temperature period, with the gingiva growing in time to divide the pool or bin. Giblets cultured at excessive densities will be less resistant to various diseases. (7) In the epidemic season, drugs should be fed regularly. Amines such as ampicillin, terramycin, broad-spectrum antibacterial sulfa drugs (such as sulfamethazine), and high-efficiency sulfa drugs (such as compound sulfamethoxazole) are included. Pay attention to the following points when feeding baits: (1) When bait is fed, the amount of bait should be fed properly so that the bait can be eaten smoothly; (2) The bait should last 3-5D each time, if only occasionally Feeding the bait for one day does not play a significant role; 3 When baits are applied, various drugs should be used for rotation. Do not feed a drug for a long period of time. If the pathogenic bacteria become resistant, it will not provide a preventive effect. Treatment can also be difficult. (8) Isolation of diseased fish Once the diseased fish is found, isolate the fish immediately, otherwise it will be quickly transmitted to other healthy fish. 5. Treatment Once the gums have been infected with the disease, the following methods are required to treat the gums. They must be used in combination. 1 The treatment of water needs to be more rigorous, and the method should be based on preventive measures. 2 Water temperature of aquaculture water should be reduced as much as possible. Low water temperature can reduce morbidity and mortality. 3 Feed quantity should be strictly controlled so that fish can be stored at 70. % of satiety; 4 reduce the density of the fish, reduce the stress of the fish to stimulate; 5 feeding baits for treatment. If the bait is ampicillin, the dosage is 50-100mg/kg/day for continuous feeding of 7D or more; if the baits are oxytetracycline or broad-spectrum antibacterial sulfa drugs, the dosage is every kilogram per day Fish 100-200mg, continuous feeding more than 7d. Precautions for feeding baits and precautions. 6 If it is cultivated on land, it can be combined with Quanchiposa antibiotic 2-3mg/L (water) while feeding the bait, which can improve the therapeutic effect. 7 If there are more parasites in the water, formalin or chlorine preparations should be used to kill them.