Clove is a genus of the genus Syringa, native to northeastern China and northern China. It is an important Spring garden plant in North China. The author is located in Renqiu City, Hebei Province, where the soil is moderately saline-alkali, and the cloves grow well. The relevant cultivation techniques are now introduced as follows for reference by peers. Breeding method It can be propagated by means of sowing, cutting, grafting and the like. Sowing and breeding can be carried out after the ripening of the fruit in September and October. When the fruit is harvested, the fruit branches are dried and the capsules are cracked. After the shock, the impurities are removed and the seeds are obtained. Sowing from late March to early April of the next spring, the seeds were layered in the sand at 0 °C to 7 °C for 1 to 2 months before sowing, breaking the physiological dormancy of the seeds. After 15 to 20 days of sowing, the seedlings can be emerged. After the seedlings are unearthed, they can be carefully managed and can grow up to 40 cm to 50 cm. After cutting the breeding flowers one month later, the whole bed is inserted, and the semi-woody and strong branches are used as cuttings in the same year, cut into 15 cm to 20 cm, with two or three pairs of buds, and the upper end of the cuttings should be from the top of the pair of buds. Cut off at 1 cm. Only one pair of leaves on the cuttings are retained on the cuttings, and each leaf is cut by one-half to prevent excessive transpiration and loss of water. Before cutting, use ABT No. 2 root powder to process, then insert into the insertion bed, the depth is one-third to one-half of the length of the cuttings, moisturize with plastic film and put on the shade, keep it moist, and root after 1 month. Grafting can be carried out by bud grafting or branching. The rootstock can be made of European cloves, other cloves or lobes, and the affair of the lobes is poor. In North China, the buds of cloves are generally carried out in July and August when the rootstock and scion formation layers are still active. The scion is selected to be a full-fledged leaf bud in the middle of the healthy and full-fledged branch, and the rootstock is selected for one or two years of healthy seedlings. The most commonly used is the T-shaped bud. T-shaped buds (without xylem buds), cut the full leaf buds selected on the scion to the leaves to retain the petioles, cut a knife nearly 1 cm above the buds, and then cut the 2 cm long shield from top to bottom with the cortex The buds are peeled off from the xylem together with the cortex and the forming layer. The rootstock layer was cut into a 1 cm, 2 cm T-shaped incision 15 cm from the ground, the cortex was split to the sides along the longitudinal incision, the shield-shaped bud piece was inserted into the incision, and finally, the cleft of the rootstock was closed. And tightened. Two or three weeks after grafting, if the petiole retained on the scion naturally falls off, the scion has survived. After the buds are joined, they will not germinate in the same year, so pay attention to cold protection in Winter. Cultivation management Planting lilacs is a good place to plant in sunny places in North China. In the open field cultivation, the survival rate was the highest in the middle of March before the germination. Premature transplanting of the soil has not been frozen, and it is easy to damage the fibrous roots when digging seedlings; too late transplanting, leaf buds and flower buds grow faster, the aboveground part of the ground partially affects the restoration of the tree due to excessive evaporation, and even affects the normal growth of the second year. And flowering. The bare roots are planted at the time of planting, and the plant spacing is 2 to 3 meters. It can also be configured according to the requirements of greening. Planting holes are 70 cm to 80 cm in diameter and 50 cm to 60 cm deep. Before planting, apply 3 kg to 5 kg of compost compost at each hole, plant it with soil and then plant it. Avoid contact with the roots. After planting, water is poured, and then watered once every 10 days for 3 to 5 times. After watering, the soil should be loosened to raise the ground temperature and promote new roots. When pruning and planting seedlings for three or four years, it can be cut again before planting to reduce the transpiration and concentrate the nutrients in the stems of 30 cm to 50 cm high. Strengthen management after planting, and grow strong branches soon after the survival, so that the crown is full, and the next year can produce lush flowers. After colonization, it is advisable to prun the cloves in the dormant period each year. Before the deciduous germination, it is better to use before the early spring sap flows or just starts to flow, that is, when the leaf buds or flower buds just start to expand or just spit green. In North China, early March is a period suitable for pruning. If the pruning is too early, the wound is susceptible to freezing damage or drought; if the pruning is too late, the new shoots of the plant have been extracted, and the inflorescence is also rapidly protruding, which will cause the nutrient consumption to be too large and affect the tree potential. If the plant is to be cut and renewed, it is better to use it after falling leaves in Autumn. When pruning, pay attention to cut off the weak branches, over the branches, the long branches, the dead branches and the diseased branches, and keep the renewed branches, and cut off the residual flowers after the flowers to reduce the nutrient consumption of the trees. Clove has natural pruning characteristics, and the side branches under the canopy of the old tree are easy to sparse or fall off by themselves, forming a canopy under the canopy. Therefore, it is necessary to properly retain and nurture the update branches every year. Irrigation is in North China. From April to June, it is a period of climate drought and high temperature. It is also a season of vigorous growth of cloves and new shoots. At this time, it should be irrigated two or three times a month, and the soil should be ploughed immediately after each watering. After the rainy season in July, stop artificial watering and pay attention to drainage and flood control. Fill the frozen water before winter, so that the plants and soil have sufficient water, and they are free from pumping in the cold and dry seasons of winter and spring. After the age of the cloves is 20 to 30 years, it is not necessary to pay too much attention to watering. The plants can grow well by natural precipitation. After fertilization and planting, it is generally possible to apply no fertilizer or only a small amount of fertilizer, and avoid excessive fertilization. Especially nitrogen fertilizer, it is even more difficult to apply too much. Because of excessive nitrogen fertilizer, it will cause the length of lilac branches to affect the formation of flower buds and reduce flowering. Applying appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer after flowering is conducive to the growth and development of clove. Pest Control The main diseases of cloves are mainly powdery mildew, leaf spot, and coal pollution. For powdery mildew, the initial stage of the disease can be sprayed with 15% powder rusting wettable powder 1000 times solution, or 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 1000 to 1500 times solution, or 75% bactericidal wettable powder 600 times solution, etc. Spray 1 time from 7 days to 10 days, even spray two or three times, have good control effect. The residual effect period of triadimefon can reach 20 to 25 days. After spraying, the white powder layer of the affected part becomes dark gray, shrinks and disappears, which is an ideal agent for controlling powdery mildew. For leaf spot, 50% carbendazim WP 500 times to 1000 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil 500 times solution, or 80% sensitized zinc 500 times solution can be used, spray once every 7 days to 10 days. A total of three or four times of good spray control. The main pests of the main insects are the stag beetle, the brown-spotted green moth, the tussah moth, the mulberry scorpion scorpion, the scorpion scorpion scorpion scorpion, and the six-star black-spotted leopard moth. For the leaf-eating pests such as the stag beetle, the green-spotted moth, the tussah moth, etc., the larvae can be sprayed with 1600 IU/mg of Bt wettable powder at a low age of 1000 to 1200 times, so that the pests slowly die and rot on the tree after poisoning. Do not directly fall down, can protect the environment from pollution; can also use 1.2% bitter nicotine 800 to 1000 times liquid spray; or 20% Diflubenzuron 3 1500 to 2000 times liquid spray, or 20% rice full suspension 1500 to 2000 times, or 2.5% of the enemy kill 2500 to 3000 times liquid, etc., can be effectively prevented. For various scale insects such as Mulberry Shield and Euonymus Shield, 40% quick-killing emulsifiable concentrate is applied to the branches within 7 days after the nymph hatching period, when no wax is formed or the wax layer is just beginning to form. 1500 times to 2000 times liquid, or 6% imidacloprid soluble liquid 2000 times solution, or 2,500 times solution of pyrethroid pesticide. The above three kinds of agents are used alternately, spraying once every 7 days to 10 days, and spraying two or three times continuously, and good effects can be obtained. The key to spraying is to seize the opportunity (the nymphal phase), and once the shell is formed, spraying is difficult to achieve. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website. phone Safety Jacket,Work Jacket,Reflective Jacket Ningbo Staneex Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd. , https://www.staneex.com