However, protein is an essential nutrient for the human body. If it is lacking, it will cause malnutrition and low immunity to the body, which will be detrimental to health. Therefore, dietary protein intake should be adjusted to the different conditions of the patient. It is generally believed that patients with chronic nephritis with normal renal function should take in normal amounts of protein, ie, 1 g per kilogram (kg) of body weight per day. When renal insufficiency occurs, protein intake is limited, generally limited to about 0.6 grams per kilogram (kg) of body weight per day. Do not excessively restrict dietary protein to prevent malnutrition; and in the limited range of protein intake, priority should be given to the selection of high-quality protein such as milk, eggs, fresh lean meat, and fish. Non-quality protein such as tofu, bean products and other plant proteins can not be eaten, but its proportion should not exceed 1/3 of the total protein kilogram. The so-called high-quality protein is a protein with a large amount of essential amino acids. Essential amino acids are often severely lacking in renal insufficiency and must be supplemented. However, food supplements alone, even those containing the most essential amino acids (eg, 46.2% for eggs, 44.8% for milk) supplements, are difficult to meet. Therefore, when limiting protein intake, attention should be paid to supplementing essential amino acids or their derivatives. There are several varieties currently available on the market. The most recommended is Shenling. The specific dose is 3 times a day, 3 to 6 tablets each time. Kidney spirit, also known as open or compound alpha-keto acid, contains lysine, threonine, tryptophan, histidine and tyrosine (histidine and tyrosine are not essential amino acids, but when renal failure It is also often lacking) and contains several alpha-keto acids and alpha-carboxylic acids corresponding to essential amino acids (keto-leucine, keto-isoleucine, keto-phenylalanine, keto-hydrazinium) Acids and hydroxy-methionine, keto acids, or acids enter the body and biochemical reactions produce the corresponding amino acids. Kidney spirit is currently the ideal drug for patients with renal insufficiency. In addition to supplementing essential amino acids for nutritional therapy, this drug also has the effect of delaying the progression of renal damage with a low protein diet. In addition to the low-protein diet plus essential amino acid treatments, it is also necessary to ensure that the daily food intake has sufficient calories. This can be done by appropriate addition of dietary carbohydrates (such as wheat starch, alfalfa meal, sugar, etc.) and vegetable oils. The best heat is to reach 146.5 dry kilograms per kilogram (kg) per day (16.74 kilojoules per gram of carbohydrates and protein, 37.7 kilojoules per gram of fat) to ensure that The protein can be fully utilized by the body to synthesize its own protein (when calorie is insufficient, the protein will be used as "fuel" to oxidize and heat like carbohydrates and fats, but it cannot be reused to synthesize self protein after being decomposed into amino acids) To correct the body's negative nitrogen balance. It is best for families of patients to go to the bookstore to buy a “Food Composition Table†to learn more about the protein, carbohydrate, and fat content of various foods and help patients to arrange daily meals. In addition, if patients with chronic nephritis have high blood pressure and (and) edema, limiting the amount of salt is also very important to reduce the body's water, sodium retention, which is beneficial to blood pressure and diuresis. Generally should be about 3 grams of salt daily intake is appropriate.
There are three major nutrients in food, namely protein, fat and carbohydrates. The main cause of kidney disease is protein. Some studies have confirmed that given a high-protein diet in rats with nephropathy can promote glomerulosclerosis; and to a low-protein diet can reduce the incidence of renal failure in rats, and prolong life. In the 1980s, the following clinical observations were made. For patients with renal insufficiency with a creatinine clearance of 60-30 ml/min, daily intake of 0.6 g protein per kilogram (kg) was taken, or creatinine clearance was less than The 30 ml/min patient had a daily weight of 0.4 g protein per kilogram (kg) for two years. Compared with a control group that did not limit protein intake, it was confirmed that limiting protein intake significantly delayed the progression of renal impairment in patients. After 4 years of follow-up, it was found that limiting protein intake was more beneficial in patients with creatinine clearance less than 30 ml/min. Within 4 years of entering end-stage renal failure, 47.5% were not restricted to the protein intake group and only 15.4% were limited to the protein intake group. The difference was highly significant. In the case of renal insufficiency, a high-protein diet can cause glomerular hyperperfusion and hyperfiltration, which may be the main mechanism for a high-protein diet to promote glomerulosclerosis and accelerate renal impairment.