A machine that transfers heat of a cooled object having a lower temperature to an environmental medium to obtain a cold amount. The heat transferred from a lower temperature object is customarily referred to as the amount of cold. The refrigerant that participates in the thermal process change (energy conversion and heat transfer) in the refrigerator is called a refrigerant. The cooling temperature range is usually above 120K , and below 120K is the deep cryogenic technology range. Refrigerators are widely used in industrial and agricultural production and daily life.
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In 1834 , J. Perkins of the United States successfully produced a continuously operable refrigerator using diethyl ether as a working fluid. In 1844 , J. Gerry of the United States piloted a refrigerator that used air as a working fluid to make ice and cool air in hospitals. From 1872 to 1874 , D. Bell and C. von Linde invented ammonia compressors in the United States and Germany, respectively, and made ammonia vapor compression chillers, which is the origin of modern compression chillers. 1850s, Cary Brothers France has successfully developed with sulfuric acid and water as the working fluid of ammonia absorption chillers and absorption chillers. A steam jet refrigerator appeared in 1910 . Freon refrigerants appeared in 1930 , which promoted the rapid development of compression chillers. In 1945 , the United States successfully developed a silver bromide absorption chiller.
According to the working principle, the refrigerator can be divided into: 1 compression type refrigerator. Relying on the action of the compressor to increase the pressure of the refrigerant to achieve the refrigeration cycle, according to the type of refrigerant, it can be further divided into a vapor compression type refrigerator (based on hydraulic evaporative cooling, the refrigerant undergoes periodic gas - liquid phase change) and Gas compression chillers (based on high pressure gas expansion and cooling, the refrigerant is always in a gas state). 2 absorption chiller. The refrigeration cycle is completed by the action of the absorber - generator group (thermochemical compressor), and can be divided into three types: ammonia absorption type, lithium bromide absorption type and absorption diffusion type. 3 steam jet refrigerator. The refrigeration cycle is accomplished by the action of a steam ejector (jet compressor). 4 semiconductor refrigerators. The heat is generated by the thermo - electric effect of the semiconductor.
The main performance indicators of the chiller are the operating temperature (evaporation temperature and condensing temperature for the vapor compression chiller, the temperature of the cold object and the temperature of the cooling medium for the gas compression chiller and the semiconductor chiller), and the cooling capacity (cooling) The amount of heat removed from the object to be cooled in unit time, power or heat consumption, coefficient of refrigeration (measurement of the economy of the compression chiller, the amount of cooling that can be obtained by the unit of work) and thermal coefficient (measured by the absorption type) And the economical index of the steam jet refrigerator refers to the amount of cooling that can be obtained by consuming unit heat. Modern chiller with steam compression chiller application