Both breast hyperplasia and breast cancer are mainly masses in clinical manifestations. There are similarities in the pathogenesis, and an induced type of breast hyperplasia can develop into breast cancer. The relationship between breast hyperplasia and breast cancer is a complex issue. Although it has been studied for more than 150 years, it has not been fully understood until now. We believe that the relationship between the two diseases should be understood from the following aspects. First of all, it must be clear that these two diseases have qualitative differences. Hyperplasia of mammary glands is a benign, non-neoplastic disease. Breast cancer is a malignant tumor of the breast. The treatment and prognosis of the two diseases are very different. Based on this understanding, we discuss the relationship between the two. 1 Breast hyperplasia and breast cancer have similar characteristics in terms of risk factors: Although breast hyperplasia and breast cancer are two diseases of different nature, both are caused by endocrine disorders and are all related to high estrogen levels. In terms of epidemiology, both are related to mental factors and the factors of maternity and childbirth. The risk factors for breast hyperplasia are also risk factors for breast cancer. This shows that there are similarities in the pathogenesis. 2 breast hyperplasia and breast cancer in clinical manifestations have similarities, often misdiagnosed each other: breast hyperplasia and early breast cancer in clinical manifestations are mainly mass, breast mass is the basis for the diagnosis of breast hyperplasia; According to most And breast cancer patients are also diagnosed with breast mass as symptoms, so the two are often misdiagnosed each other. Especially in about one in five breast cancer patients, the clinical manifestations are not typical, but also increased the misdiagnosis factors. For example, some breast cancers have clear or relatively clear lumps; some breast cancers have good lumps; and breast cancers have multiple lumps. These conditions are consistent with the characteristics of breast hyperplasia, so clinically, atypical breast cancer is often misdiagnosed as mammary gland hyperplasia. Some people count the clinical misdiagnosis rate is about 12-16%. Domestic units reported that 251 cases of breast cancer patients were misdiagnosed as mammary gland hyperplasia. Among the 264 patients with breast hyperplasia, 58 were misdiagnosed as breast cancer. Clinically, diagnosis of early breast cancer or atypical breast cancer as mammary gland hyperplasia is a major cause of misdiagnosis of breast cancer. 3 mammary gland hyperplasia and breast cancer can accompany the occurrence of breast hyperplasia can mask the symptoms of breast cancer Foreign scholars have long found that breast cancer specimens often accompanied by breast cystic disease, the literature records the proportion of breast cancer with cystic disease is between 20-80%. Foreign scholars have reported that 1 to 22 cases of breast cancer specimens were used as frontier slices. They found 77% had small cysts that could be displayed under a microscope, and 27% had large cysts that could be seen with the naked eye. The Pathology Teaching and Research Section of Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine had analyzed the pathology of 519 cases of breast adenopathy. It was found that 83% of breast cancer specimens coexisted with mammary glandular lobular hyperplasia. Some clinically diagnosed breast cancer masses are not all cancerous. However, there are a small number of cancerous lesions in the snail's hyperplastic mass. These indicate that breast hyperplasia and breast cancer can occur at the same time. In clinical practice, some patients with breast hyperplasia do not insist on regular inspections, so that after the onset of cancer, they thought it was a tumor of the original hyperplasia, which delayed treatment. The existence of mammary gland hyperplasia can cover the discovery of new cancers. Therefore, we emphasize that women should insist on regular breast self-examination and visit the hospital regularly for specialist examinations to avoid delays in treatment. 4 Some types of breast hyperplasia are precancerous lesions of breast cancer In theory, any cancer is the ultimate consequence of cell proliferation and is a qualitative change in cell proliferation that occurs on the basis of quantitative changes. It undergoes a process of mild hyperplasia - hyperplasia - atypical hyperplasia - cell mutation - cancerous hyperplasia. Therefore, from this point of view, the most rapid development of breast hyperplasia can develop breast cancer. However, because the development of hyperplasia is not a process that never stops, most proliferating cells do not continue to develop after they have developed to a certain extent, they stagnate at a certain stage, and even if they develop into precancerous hyperplasia, as long as they do not become cancerous, It is reversible, so it is not scientific enough to treat mammary gland hyperplasia as a precancerous lesion of breast cancer. This can only bring mental fear and anxiety to patients. This fearful and unpleasant psychological feeling constitutes a risk factor for promoting and accelerating breast cancer. In fact, only a very small number of hyperplasia of mammary glands can develop into breast cancer. In the pathogenesis of breast cancer, most breast cancers come from the ductal epithelium. According to the ductal epithelial hyperplasia and the degree and morphology of the duct, the ductal epithelial hyperplasia can be divided into two types: atypical hyperplasia and non-atypical hyperplasia. The risk of developing breast cancer in patients with atypical hyperplasia of mammary gland hyperplasia is 6-18 times higher than that of breast disease patients without atypical hyperplasia. Atypical hyperplasia is divided into mild, moderate and severe degree. Only severe atypical hyperplasia is closely related to breast cancer. Therefore, severe dysplasia is called precancerous lesion of breast cancer. In the pathological type, a large number of foreign data shows that the possibility of breast cancer in breast cystic disease, especially in patients with macrocystic disease visible, trap pathologically confirmed that breast cystic hyperplasia is more prone to severe dysplasia, can also be considered as Precancerous hyperplasia of breast cancer. In this way, we can divide mammary gland hyperplasia into two categories: one is general hyperplasia, one is precancerous hyperplasia, and only severe non-yellow hyperplasia and partial cystic hyperplasia can be predominantly precancerous lesions of breast cancer. We should stress that in all types of hyperplasia of mammary glands, the precancerous hyperplasia is less than 20%, and severe dysplasia only accounts for about 3%. In addition, glandular hyperplasia is more common in women with mammary gland hyperplasia in China. Therefore, if there is hyperplasia of the breast, as long as active treatment is performed, good preventive effects can still be achieved. Industrial borescope is mainly used in NDT field,Industrial borescope suitable for where is the small places or pipes that human can not reach directly,such as automotive engine,airplane engine,casting and parts processing,pressure vessel,shipbuilding and so on. 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