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According to data from the Agricultural Census of Donggang City, there are 10,186 large, medium, and small tractors, 884 four-wheel agricultural transport vehicles, 6,456 agricultural tricycles, and 555 heavy-duty trucks in both urban and rural areas, totaling 18,081 units. More than 80% of these machines suffer from technical issues such as poor performance, low power output, and high fuel consumption, which makes energy efficiency and cost reduction difficult. Enhancing the technological condition of agricultural machinery is not only crucial for supporting agriculture and industry but also a pressing challenge for agricultural machinery managers and technicians.
With global energy resources becoming increasingly scarce, energy conservation has become a key national strategy in many countries. The State Council has urged the public to embrace strict energy-saving measures and build a more sustainable society. As agricultural machinery workers, we must actively respond by promoting energy-efficient technologies and improving the performance of our equipment.
Based on years of experience in managing and promoting agricultural machinery, I believe that significant energy savings can be achieved through proper operation and maintenance. For example, differences in driver skill can lead to up to 15-20% variation in fuel consumption when completing the same task with the same model of machinery.
To improve fuel efficiency, several practical steps can be taken:
1. Diesel should be allowed to settle for at least 48 hours before use. Before refueling, clean the area around the fuel tank and open the cap carefully. Use a hose or hand pump to fill the tank, allowing the diesel to flow by gravity. Using clean, settled diesel improves engine reliability and extends the life of components.
2. Regularly maintain the air filter, especially in dusty environments. A clogged filter reduces airflow, leading to an overly rich fuel mixture and incomplete combustion, increasing fuel usage.
3. When cleaning wet filters, check the oil level and avoid overfilling. Clean metal filters using detergent, dry them, and soak them in oil before reinstallation. For dry filters, remove dust carefully without touching the filter element and replace if damaged.
4. Conduct regular fuel system checks to detect and fix leaks promptly. Fuel dripping or poor atomization in injectors can cause inefficiency and black smoke.
5. Ensure the fuel injection timing is correct to prevent unburned fuel and excessive emissions.
6. Repair worn parts such as piston rings, valves, and fuel system components to restore engine performance.
7. During cold starts in winter, avoid prolonged warming and start at idle speed. Avoid unnecessary high-speed operation to reduce fuel use.
8. Choose appropriate gears while driving to maintain optimal engine speed, which enhances fuel economy.
9. Monitor exhaust color to assess engine health. Black smoke indicates incomplete combustion, white smoke suggests water in the cylinder, and blue smoke points to oil burning. Address these issues promptly to prevent further damage.
10. Ensure balanced operation of multi-cylinder engines. If one cylinder fails, fuel consumption can increase by 10-20%.
11. Adjust valve clearance regularly to compensate for wear and ensure proper engine function.
12. Avoid dragging brakes, as this increases heat and fuel use.
13. Follow recommended oil change intervals and avoid overfilling, which increases engine resistance.
14. Ensure all bearings are properly lubricated and not too tight or too loose.
15. Check tire pressure regularly. Underinflated tires increase rolling resistance, while overinflated ones accelerate wear.
16. Avoid overloading or idling the machine. Operate within the recommended load and speed limits.
17. Excessive speed increases air resistance and fuel consumption.
18. Properly adjust the traction equipment and ensure correct tire pressure to minimize fuel loss.
19. Adjust transmission clearances to reduce power loss and improve efficiency.
20. Plan efficient field routes to minimize empty trips and avoid repeated passes.
In addition to these technical improvements, it's essential for governments at all levels to enforce regulations and promote a culture of energy conservation. While many policies exist, fewer focus on implementation. Only through strong institutional support and a widespread commitment to sustainability can agricultural mechanization continue to develop and make conservation a reality.