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Lean pigs often face fertility issues, which can confuse many farmers. Here are the main reasons and solutions:
Firstly, overfeeding energy-rich feeds while lacking sufficient protein can lead to excessive fat accumulation in pigs, affecting follicle development and ovulation. This is especially true when animal-based protein sources like fishmeal are insufficient. To improve fertility, reduce energy feed and add 3-5% high-quality fishmeal or other animal proteins to the diet.
Secondly, long-term feeding with only commercial feed without enough green vegetation can cause vitamin deficiencies, particularly vitamins A and E. These vitamins are crucial for semen quality and ovulation. Including fresh, young green feed helps restore fertility.
Thirdly, mineral imbalances, especially calcium and phosphorus, can lead to poor sperm quality and difficulty in egg formation. Adjusting the calcium and phosphorus ratio in feed by adding bone powder or calcium hydrogen phosphate (1-3%) can significantly improve reproductive performance.
Fourthly, lack of exercise and sunlight can impair blood circulation and metabolism, affecting calcium absorption and reproductive function. Regular outdoor activity and sun exposure help enhance fertility.
Fifthly, prolonged lactation can weaken sows, especially if weaning occurs too late. Weaning earlier, around 30-35 days after introducing solid feed, allows sows to return to estrus faster, increasing litter size and productivity.
Sixthly, isolation without heterosexual stimulation can delay estrus. Introducing a boar into the sow’s pen or using hormonal injections can stimulate reproductive activity.
Seventhly, subtle signs of estrus may be missed, leading to breeding errors. Close monitoring is essential to avoid missing the optimal breeding window.
Eighthly, the ideal temperature for breeding pigs is between 15°C and 22°C. Maintaining this range through shading or cooling in summer helps maintain high fertility rates.
Ninthly, inbreeding leads to weak offspring, lower litter numbers, and higher rates of stillbirths and deformities. Breeding from diverse genetic lines is important.
Tenthly, older sows tend to have reduced fertility after their fifth litter. They are usually culled after the sixth to maintain herd efficiency.
Additionally, diseases such as brucellosis and uterine infections, along with stressful environments, can also lower fertility. Proper disease prevention and maintaining a quiet, clean environment are key to ensuring healthy reproduction in pigs.