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Snails are versatile, fast-growing, and highly adaptable creatures that are easy to breed and maintain. This makes them an excellent choice for farmers looking to capitalize on their strengths while minimizing potential weaknesses. Rice field farming of snails offers a number of economic advantages, including a short growth cycle, low disease incidence, ease of management, and strong financial returns. It is a quick-to-establish and profitable project, especially in regions with abundant water resources, where it holds significant development potential and promising future prospects.
First, when selecting paddy fields for snail cultivation, it's important to choose areas that remain consistently moist without drying out or flooding. Avoid using heavy agricultural machinery for plowing or tilling, as this can disturb the snails. However, it's essential to control weed growth to ensure a clean and healthy environment for the snails.
Second, snails are sensitive to water quality, particularly the level of dissolved oxygen. When the oxygen content drops below 3.5 mg/L, snails may refuse to feed, and if it falls further to 1.5 mg/L, they begin to die. Therefore, a constant supply of fresh, well-oxygenated water is crucial for successful snail farming.
Third, during rice transplanting, paddy fields can be left partially empty. Within one week after planting, high-yield ditches should be dug—typically 20-30 cm wide and 13-17 cm deep. Inlet and outlet channels must also be properly developed, and fine mesh nets or dense grilles should be installed to prevent snails from escaping and to keep out predators like rats and snakes.
Fourth, stocking and managing snails requires careful attention. The recommended stocking density is generally between 9,000 to 105,000 snails per hectare, depending on the conditions. Alternatively, a stocking rate of 0.1 to 0.5 kg per square meter is also common.
Feeding snails involves providing a mix of natural and supplementary food sources. They are omnivorous and can consume vegetables, bean cakes, rice bran, quail, and other animal by-products. Fresh bait should be used within two weeks of production. Solid foods should be soaked first, and items like fish scraps or animal organs should be crushed before mixing with rice bran or flour. Feeding once daily, preferably between 8 and 9 am, with a daily ration of about 1% to 3% of the total snail weight, adjusting as the snails grow.
In fertile rice fields, snails can sometimes survive on natural aquatic plants and zooplankton, reducing the need for additional feeding. However, if you notice the snail’s lamellae (the soft tissue inside the shell) appearing swollen or overflowing, it could indicate a calcium deficiency. In such cases, adding shrimp shells or shell powder to the diet can help. If the snail’s bracts become trapped inside the shell, it may signal hunger, so increasing the food amount is necessary to support healthy growth and reproduction.
Finally, maintaining good water quality and temperature is key to snail health. During summer and autumn, when snails are most active, regular water changes and irrigation can help lower temperatures and increase dissolved oxygen levels. Avoid using water contaminated with iron, sulfur, or industrial waste, as these substances can be toxic and lead to snail mortality. With proper care and management, snail farming in rice fields can be both sustainable and highly profitable.