Variety identification number: é—½ Recognition fruit 2009007 Crop Type: Pomelo Variety Name: Hang Mei Pomelo Breeding unit: Shanghang County Economic Crop Extension Station, Shanghang County Horticultural Science and Technology Demonstration Site Variety source: selected from Thai honey pomelo orchards imported from Taiwan Characteristics: The canopy of this species is naturally round-headed and the branches are relatively open; the tree vigor is strong and the new shoots have a strong hair growth ability. In Shanghang County, the sprouting period of spring sprouts in late February, spring shoots in late February to late April; summer shoots are in early May to mid July; autumn shoots are in early August to October Mid-term. Flowering period from late March to late April, fruit ripening period from December to early January. Larger fruit, nearly round fruit, bright yellow fruit color, 15-19 flap, white; center column solid, slightly yellowish white flesh, translucent, larger juice cells, more seeds, soluble solids 11.8% The texture is delicate and the flavor is sweet and refreshing. According to the Ministry of Agriculture Orange and Seedling Quality Supervision, Inspection and Test Center, fruit shape index 0.92, single fruit weight 1575.7 g, skin thickness 20.7 mm, number of seeds 122.3, edible rate 55.5%, soluble solids 11.7%, reducing sugar 3.37 g /100 ml, 7.09 g/100 ml of sucrose, 10.46 g/100 ml of total sugar, 48.91 mg/100 ml of vitamin C, 0.99 g/100 ml of total acid, and a solids/acid ratio of 11.8. The variety of ulcer disease. Yield performance: After many years of trials at Longyan and Sanming, the grafted seedlings can reach a yield of more than 1000 kg per mu after 5 years of colonization. Cultivation techniques: Choose a gentle slope or flat land with good soil conditions to build a garden; plant spacing is 45 meters, 8-10% allocation of Shatian pomelo, Guanxi pomelo and other varieties as pollination trees. In autumn and winter basal fertilizer, early application of flower fertilizer, increased application of fruit fertilizer, re-application of promoting fruit fertilizer, pay attention to trace elements in calcium, magnesium, boron, N, P, K ratio of 1.0:0.4:0.8 is appropriate . The Provincial Crop Variety Approval Committee approved the opinion that: Hanghan Pomelo is a late-maturing grapefruit variety, which is mature from late December to early January in Shanghang County; the yield is high; the quality is excellent; cold-tolerant; It is suitable for planting in low-altitude citrus production areas in southern Jiangxi and western Yunnan, and it pays attention to pest control in production. After verification, it complied with the requirements for the verification and verification of crop varieties in Fujian Province and passed the certification.
Ventilator block diagram Medical Positive Pressure Breathing Machine Positive Pressure Breathing Machine,Continuous Positive Pressure Ventilation,Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation,Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing Machine Guangzhou Zhongzhinan Supply Chain Co.,Ltd. , https://www.gzzhongzhinan.com
One. Main mechanical ventilation modes
(1) Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV): positive pressure in the inspiratory phase and zero pressure in the expiratory phase. 1. Working principle: The ventilator generates positive pressure in the inspiratory phase and presses the gas into the lungs. After the pressure rises to a certain level or the inhaled volume reaches a certain level, the ventilator stops supplying air, the exhalation valve opens, and the patient's thorax Passive collapse of the lungs and exhalation. 2. Clinical application: Various patients with respiratory failure mainly based on ventilation function, such as COPD.
(2) Intermittent positive and negative pressure ventilation (IPNPV): the inspiratory phase is positive pressure and the expiratory phase is negative pressure. 1. How it works: The ventilator works both in the inspiratory and exhaled phases. 2. Clinical application: Expiratory negative pressure can cause alveolar collapse and cause iatrogenic atelectasis.
(3) Continuous positive pressure airway ventilation (CPAP): Refers to the patient's spontaneous breathing and artificial positive airway pressure during the entire respiratory cycle. 1. Working principle: Inspiratory phase gives continuous positive pressure air flow, and exhalation phase also gives a certain resistance, so that the airway pressure of inhalation and exhalation phases are higher than atmospheric pressure. 2. Advantages: The continuous positive pressure airflow during inhalation is greater than the inspiratory airflow, which saves the patient's inhalation effort, increases FRC, and prevents the collapse of the airway and alveoli. Can be used for exercise before going offline. 3. Disadvantages: great interference to circulation, large pressure injury of lung tissue.
(4) Intermittent command ventilation and synchronized intermittent command ventilation (IMV / SIMV) IMV: There is no synchronization device, the ventilator air supply does not require the patient's spontaneous breathing trigger, and the time of each air supply in the breathing cycle is not constant. 2. SIMV: There is a synchronization device. The ventilator gives the patient a commanded breath according to the pre-designed breathing parameters every minute. The patient can breathe spontaneously without being affected by the ventilator. 3. Advantages: It exerts its ability to regulate breathing while offline; it has less influence on circulation and lungs than IPPV; it reduces the use of shock medicine to a certain extent. 4. Application: It is generally considered to be used when off-line. When R <5 times / min, it still maintains a good oxygenation state. You can consider off-line. Generally, PSV is added to avoid respiratory muscle fatigue.
(5) Mandatory ventilation per minute (MMV) When spontaneous breathing> preset minute ventilation, the ventilator does not command ventilation, but only provides a continuous positive pressure. 2. When spontaneous breathing is less than the preset minute ventilation volume, the ventilator performs command ventilation to increase the minute ventilation volume to reach the preset level.
(6) Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) Definition: Under the prerequisite of spontaneous breathing, each inhalation receives a certain level of pressure support, increasing the patient's inhalation depth and inhalation volume. 2. How it works: The inspiratory pressure begins with the patient's inspiratory action, and ends when the inspiratory flow rate decreases to a certain level or the patient attempts to exhale hard. Compared with IPPV, the pressure it supports is constant, and it is adjusted by the feedback of the inspiratory flow rate. Compared with SIMV, it can get pressure support for each inhalation, but the level of support can be set according to different needs. 3. Application: SIMV + PSV: used for preparation before off-line, can reduce breathing work and oxygen consumption Indications: Exercise the ventilator; prepare before going offline; the ventilator is weak due to various reasons; severe flail chest causes abnormal breathing. 5. Note: Generally not used alone, it will produce insufficient or excessive ventilation.
(7) Volume Supported Ventilation (VSV): Each breath is triggered by the patient's spontaneous breathing. The patient can also breathe without any support and can reach the expected TV and MV levels. The ventilator will allow the patient to be truly autonomous Breathing also applies to preparations before going offline.
(8) Capacity control of pressure regulation
(IX) Biphasic or bilevel positive pressure ventilation How it works: P1 is equivalent to inspiratory pressure, P2 is equivalent to breathing pressure, T1 is equivalent to inspiratory time, and T2 is equivalent to exhalation time. 2. Clinical application: (1) When P1 = inspiratory pressure, T1 = inspiratory time, P2 = 0 or PEEP, T2 = expiratory time, which is equivalent to IPPV. (2) When P1 = PEEP, T1 = infinity, P2 = 0, T2 = O, which is equivalent to CPAP. (3) When P1 = inspiratory pressure, T1 = inspiratory time, P2-0 or PEEP, T2 = desired controlled inhalation cycle, equivalent to SIMV.