Petroleum (/pəˈtroʊliəm/) is a naturally occurring, yellowish-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface. It is commonly refined into various types of fuels. Components of petroleum are separated using a technique called fractional distillation, i.e. separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column.
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(I) Properties and Functions Pure product is white crystalline powder. The industrial product is yellow powder with 98% active ingredient. It is insoluble in water and soluble in acetone and ethanol. Storage at room temperature is stable for more than two years, but exposure to sunlight at high humidity is not stable and may degrade. Its virulence is very strong, especially the acute toxicity is several ten times higher than the first generation of anticoagulant rodenticide warfarin. It is a highly toxic rodenticide. The palatability is good, the period of administration can be shortened, and it can be poisoned once. Bromadiolone is the second generation anticoagulant rodenticide. It has good control effect on domestic rats and pests of agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry, especially drug-resistant rats. This product incubation period average 6-7 days. Slow action, it is not easy to cause rat sensation, has the characteristics of easy to kill rats, and has the outstanding advantages of acute toxicity. After the poison bait, the peak of death of rats is generally 4-6 days. The toxicity of bromadiolone to mammals is roughly the same. If the LD50 is calculated as 2 mg/kg, then a 30 kg sheep can eat a 0.01% bait 600g at a time to reach a lethal dose, which is generally not significant. may. In addition, there is a special antidote to vitamin K1 after poisoning, which is quite complete for humans, poultry and livestock.
(b) The preparations are 0.5% liquid, 0.5% parent powder, 0.05% mother powder and 0.005% granules. They are also made into wax blocks, but their cost is high.
1.0.005% poison bait preparation First, 1 g of 0.5% mother powder and 3 g of flour are evenly mixed, and then mixed with 96 g of bait (wheat or rice, etc.) and a small amount of alert color (red or blue ink) can be used evenly.
2.0.005% poison bait preparation 0.05% bromdridolone mother powder 1 kg and 9 kg bait (wheat, rice, etc.) and a small amount of alert color (red or blue ink) can be mixed evenly.
3.0.005T poison baits can be prepared by mixing 0.5% liquid directly with 1:100 bait (wheat, rice, broken rice or other rodent-like bait) and a small amount of alert color (red and blue ink); The 0.5% solution is diluted 1:20 with water, and a small amount of alert color (red and blue ink) is added before the food is soaked (wheat, rice, etc.) until the liquid is completely dried, and the shade can be used after drying. If used for storage of grain warehouses to control Rattus norvegicus, a adult mouse of Rattus norvegicus need to drink 10-15 milliliters of water every day. Using this habit, it can be used as a certain concentration of toxic water, and a small amount of sugar is added to the toxic water. It can increase the mouth-feeling of rats and has good control effect. However, if the house mouse is controlled, the house mouse does not drink water for the rest of its life, and it only depends on the water in the food and the metabolic water to survive. Therefore, it is not ideal to control the poisonous water of the house mouse.
4.0.01% poison baits prepared 0.05% parent powder 1 kg and 2 kg bait (wheat, buckwheat, etc.) and add a small amount of alert color mix evenly to use.
5. 0.02% poison baits prepared 0.05% parent powder 1 kg and 1 kg of bait (wheat, oats or cut into 1 cm square radish block after the wilting food) can be mixed evenly.
6.0.005% granules can be used directly.
(c) Use Bromadiolone is highly toxic to many carnivores. On the domestic rat Rattus norvegicus, Yellow-throated Rat, Mus musculus; On the wild rodent Apodemus agratus, Northern hamsters, Black-lined hamsters, Mongolian gerbils, Spermophilus; Southern hairy rats , Bigfoot mouse, Apodemus agratus; pastoral area grassland of Brandt's vole, plateau squirrel; plateau pika; northeast forest area of ​​brown back scorpion, etc., a drug, efficacy can reach more than 85%. However, it should be noted that the effect of Gansu zokor is not ideal. There was no significant difference in the efficacy of bromidepiramide in rodent deprivation compared with the first generation anticoagulant challenger sodium salt and the second generation anticoagulant DaLeng.
1. The control of domestic animals is basically similar to the use of flumurone.
2. The control of predominant species in wild mice is different.
(1) Prevention and control of chinchilla The common chinchilla is the peak of the first overeating crop in the middle and late April to early May. The chinchilla enters the second peak of gluttony in the middle and late September. Due to the large number of hole activity in the spring chinchilla, long time, large range, easy access to baits, less grass in the early spring field, easy to find the rat hole, temporary holes in the chinchilla has not been dug, the field mouse hole is less, at this time yellow The rat has not entered the breeding season. In order to save the bait, it is generally best to dispense a 0.005% Bromadiole poison bait at one time by hole. The amount of poison bait is 15-20 grams per hole and the bait is best placed at a distance of 30-50 cm outside the hole.
(2) Prevention and control of plateau zokor In the early stage of early spring breeding, when there are more than 4 plateau zokres per hectare, control, use 0.02% bromadiolone poison bait, and cut the 15-20 cm rat hole across the ground surface before bait. The next day, the two sides of the hole where the incision was cut were observed. There were rats in the side hole of the hole that was blocked by soil. The poison bait could be put into a rat hole, and then the turf was carefully used to block the upper wall of the opening. 0.02% bromiderum (or barley) bait 10 grams per hole. For example, use a carrot that is like to eat in the Mole and use it as a bait, cut into small pieces 1cm square to prepare the bait, and feed 12 grams per hole.
(3) Prevention of plateau pika in the early spring March to April season, grass has not returned to green, the rat is breeding mating period, about 1 week after the snow, day and night frozen in the grassland to form a layer of snow cover, the shortage of rat food is the best prevention opportunity. Its general plateau pika has more than 150 holes per hectare (about 30) as prevention and treatment indicators. Use 0.01% bromadiolone (or oat, barley and other cereals) bait, hole feeding, each hole with a bait amount of 1.5 grams (about 30), poison bait in the effective hole and runway.
(4) Prevention and control of Mongolian gerbils can use 0.01% poison baits per hole 1 g, if the use of 0.005% poison bait cast 2 grams per hole. In the large area with an average density of 6-25 holes/ha and a local area of ​​21-80 holes/ha, the spring will be controlled.
(4) Precautions
1. Bromadiolone has a good anti-rodent effect. It has been tested in most provinces and regions in China and has a broad target spectrum. However, it should not be widely used before the rat has developed resistance to the first anticoagulant rodenticide. Reserve rodenticides, once the rats have become resistant to the first generation of anticoagulant rodenticides, the drug will be widely promoted to better play its characteristics.
2. The precautions in use are the same as Flumettanone.
Other names Wan Letong, LM-637, Musal