Reporter: The potato planting area in China is larger, from the spring in the north to the winter potato in the south, and the two-season planting area in the Central Plains. It is both a food crop and a vegetable edible and processed food. The yield of potato is also high, and the average yield per mu is in the range of 1000-2000 kg. In order to obtain high yields, farmers throughout the country pay great attention to the application of nitrogen fertilizer. Especially in the seedling stage and early-stage topdressing, the application of nitrogen fertilizer is very high. As a result, the yam grows arbitrarily and the underground potato chips have very small adverse consequences. happens sometimes. Liu Weili, a specialty potato planter in Ordos, Inner Mongolia, has planted potatoes for many years. His fertilization experience is mainly based on organic manure. Each season, 2000 hectares of quality sheep manure are applied, and sometimes he applied half a bag (25 kilograms) of low-concentration compound fertilizer ( Pure nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient content is 25%). In the base fertilizer application of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer on the basis of another fertilizer. The top-dressing period is budding at the top of the plant, usually topdressing about 10 kg of urea. In potato production, his habit of fertilization has been used for several years. The effect was also good. The output was maintained at 1200 kg/mu. From the beginning of last year, the situation has changed. First, the number of organic fertilizers has become less and less, and production needs have not been guaranteed. Second, the planting area has been expanded. Now mainly relying on the use of chemical fertilizers to produce potatoes, under the new production conditions, In the end, how can fertilization increase the output and quality of potatoes?

Experts: This case shows that in potato production, organic fertilizers are mainly used, and appropriate amounts of low-level compound fertilizers are used as base fertilizers. In the vigorous growing season, topdressing nitrogen fertilizers can maintain the medium and high yield levels. Using a large amount of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer reflects the principle of balanced fertilization and obtained the expected yield. However, organic fertilizers are very few now, and even in some cases where they are not applied, they mainly rely on the use of chemical fertilizers. How can we obtain high yield and quality of potatoes?

First of all, we must understand the nutritional characteristics of potatoes. It is the growth of the upper part of the stems and leaves, the later growth of the underground tubers, the demand for NPK nutrient more, for the ratio of NPK supply is 1:0.5:2.5. It can be seen that potatoes require the most potassium, followed by nitrogen, and less phosphorus. According to this nutrient demand law, for the fertilization of potatoes, the effective potassium in the southern soil is very low in potassium deficiency, and in particular, potassium fertilizer should be added. Secondly, with the application of nitrogen fertilizer, the balance of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers should be adjusted. In the northern soil, the available potassium is higher than that in the south, but many soils have phosphorus deficiency. Currently, the application of potassium fertilizer is not widespread. After years of exhaustion, the soil potassium has already shown its ability to make ends meet. Therefore, attention should be paid to increasing nitrogen fertilizer. Potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. In the potato production, the appropriate ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers: the average in the northern region: 1:0.5:0.6; the average in the southern region is 1:0.4:0.9. If the yield per mu is around 1500 kg, it is recommended that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used be 10 to 12 kg/mu pure nitrogen.

In the fertilization method, base fertilizer and top dressing are used. The allocation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers uses 50% nitrogen fertilizer, all phosphate fertilizers and most of potassium fertilizers in base fertilizers. Fertilizer basal fertilizer can be selected concentration of general-purpose compound fertilizer can also be used with a single fertilizer. Topdressing 50% nitrogen and a small portion of potassium optional urea, ammonium nitrate and potassium sulfate. In the fertilization position, the basal fertilization is applied before the planting, or the depth is required to be about 15 cm. Top dressing is applied between the rows or the side of the plant. The fertilizer is buried at a depth of 5 to 8 cm. After fertilization, it can be filled with water and covered with soil. When topdressing time is top-dressing, don't be too early. The tubers enter the expansion period before proceeding. Early application of fertilizers, especially if they follow a large amount of nitrogenous fertilizers, will cause problems in the growth of the roots of the above-ground parts of the ground.

In addition, potatoes are more sensitive to trace elements such as boron and zinc, which can be supplemented by extra-root fertilization. For example, the micro-fertilizer can be applied as a solution with roots or leaves.

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