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First, the symptoms
Ginger stalk rot mainly damages the roots and roots of the rhizomes of Zingiber species. At the beginning of the disease, water-stained spots of different sizes appeared at the base of the stem, gradually expanded, and the leaves became yellow. The lesions around the base of the stem at the late stage of the disease caused the basal tissues to decay gradually. As the transport of moisture nutrients is hindered, the main stems of the aboveground stems die from top to bottom and the leaves become black and wilted. When the humidity is high, the soil is opened and white cotton floe is visible in the diseased area and soil. Great harm.
Second, the transmission route
The pathogenic bacteria mycelia lurked on the diseased potato and diseased body for wintering, or used mycelium and chlamydospores to overwinter in the soil. Appropriate conditions can cause the disease. It usually begins in May and peaks in June. After harvest, seed potatoes with pathogens can continue to develop and continue to be sown until March of the following year.
Third, the incidence conditions
(1) Temperature, humidity, high temperature and high humidity are conducive to the occurrence of root rot of turmeric. The appropriate temperature for disease onset is 20°C-25°C, and the temperature is too low or too high to be harmful to the disease.
(b) Light is a drought-tolerant plant in the genus Zingiberaceae, which is susceptible to disease caused by shading cultivation, ventilation, and poor light transmission. According to the survey, the incidence of flat-planting and unscratch-planting was 13.15% and 15.61%, respectively, and the incidence of ridge-planting and scaffolding cultivation of sorghum was 5.21% and 3.84%, respectively.
(c) soil yellow mud loam, sticky heavy soil incidence. Should use deep soil, good drainage, loose soil, sandy loam rich in organic matter, soil pH 6-7 is appropriate, phosphorus, potash fertilizer can effectively promote the growth of yellow ginger, improve disease resistance.
(4) The phytopathogens can survive in the soil for a long period of time, and the amount of bacteria accumulated in the continuous cropping plots is relatively heavy.
Fourth, comprehensive prevention
(a) Select disease-free, mold-free seed potatoes to prevent the spread of diseases and insects, and ensure that the mu is full. When sowing, use 40% of Fuxing Star EC 8000 times soaking, but also for every 100 kg of seeds with 50% carbendazim 200 grams, 100 kilograms of water, soak for 4-5 minutes, dry and wait for broadcast.
(b) Soil disinfection. In the severely diseased plots, 70% of thiophanate, 50% of carbendazim, 50% of dextromethorphan, or thiram, 1-1.5 kg of fine soil, 30 kg of fertilized soil are applied to the soil per mu. The use of lime for disinfection in acid soils can prevent soil-borne diseases.
(c) Reasonable rotations. With the grass crops for more than 2 years, turn crops to prevent disasters.
(d) Apply sufficient farmyard manure to increase soil organic matter and improve soil. Re-apply phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, clever application of boron, zinc fertilizer, enhance plant resistance to disease. Generally 1500-2000 kg of fertilizer per acre Shinong, 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 25 kg of potassium fertilizer, or 75-100 kg of ginger-specific fertilizer, based on basal.
(E) ridge cultivation scaffolding, improve soil aeration, and promote underground stem growth. The ridge is 1 meter wide and the ridge height is 20 centimeters. When the height of the seedling is 30 centimeters, four bamboo raft tower adult frames per square meter are used to promote ventilation, light transmission and moisture flow, promote photosynthesis of leaves, and prevent disease. .
(6) Conduct timely chemical control. At the early stage of disease, 40% of Fuxing Emulsion 8000 times, 75% of chlorothalonil 1000-fold, 50% of carbendazim, 50% of thiophanate and 86.2% of copper master 500-800 times fluid were used at the site of disease. Irrigation, irrigation of 50-100 ml per plant, irrigation once every 10 days, even irrigation 2 times.
Turmeric is an ideal raw material for the extraction of steroid hormone drugs. With the expansion of artificial cultivation area and the increase of time, coupled with abnormal climate, extensive field management, and disease of yellow ginger, the disease has been aggravated year after year. This has often caused the stem base to rot and led to the death of the entire plant, which has become a major obstacle to the production of yellow ginger.