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In recent years, the quality of land preparation in certain wheat-growing areas of Tianjin has declined, and the efficiency of water and fertilizer use remains relatively low. Additionally, since September, the main wheat-producing regions in Tianjin have experienced less rainfall, leading to uneven distribution and widespread drought conditions in most wheat fields. Therefore, I would like to share some observations and recommendations for this autumn's wheat cultivation.
First, it is essential to use high-yield, high-quality, and stress-resistant wheat varieties. Based on the performance of newly introduced wheat varieties in our city over the past two years, some show promising results, but the cold resistance of certain new varieties still needs further testing under real production conditions. When selecting varieties, the main producing areas and counties should focus on winter-hardy, high-yielding, and early-maturing types. In line with the current situation of wheat production in our city, we will continue to promote the use of varieties such as Beijing 9428, Nongda 3214, and Tianjin Yin 159. For different growing conditions, it is recommended to test and demonstrate varieties like Nongda 987, Nongda 3432, and Nongda 189, while also introducing Nongda 211. At the same time, attention should be given to the selection of high-quality, purified, and rejuvenated varieties. Special high-quality wheat varieties should implement measures to prevent cold damage and also promote order-based agriculture to support regional and industrial development.
Second, intensive farming practices are needed to improve soil preparation quality. Over the past few years, the quality of land preparation for wheat fields has deteriorated, with shallow tilling becoming the primary method. This has led to shallow plowing, reduced water retention, and lower soil fertility. It is therefore recommended that wheat be rotated twice this autumn, gradually deepening the plow layer to enhance the soil's ability to retain moisture and manage water effectively. The ideal depth should exceed 15 cm, ensuring the field is level, free of debris, and with finely chopped straw. For fields where sowing time is tight, no-till techniques can be promoted, and corn stalks can be used as mulch to reduce soil moisture evaporation.
Third, adequate irrigation is crucial to ensure good seed germination. Due to the ongoing drought, soil moisture levels are not favorable for wheat sowing. It is advisable to fill the bottom of the Qingjiang River with enough water to support timely sowing, with approximately 50 acres of irrigation water per unit area. Depending on the soil type and irrigation conditions, sandy loam soils can be sown immediately after corn harvest, while heavy clay soils should be sown using a flooded method.
During sowing, attention should also be given to the application of base fertilizer. Main producing areas and counties should develop specific fertilization plans based on target yield requirements, combined with variety characteristics and soil fertility levels. Where possible, soil testing and formula fertilization should be implemented, with special attention to potassium fertilizer. Under normal conditions, apply 1-2 tons of high-quality organic fertilizer per acre, along with 20-22.5 kg of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg of urea (or 7.5 kg when returning straw to the field), and 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate. Fertilizer should be applied below 10 cm in the plow layer. The overall nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio throughout the growth period should be 1:0.6:0.3–0.4.
Fourth, it is important to strictly control the seeding rate to improve plant population quality. Last year’s excessive seeding resulted in dense stands and lodging later on. This fall, the appropriate number of seedlings should be determined based on the sowing date. The suitable sowing period in the city is from September 28 to October 8. Generally, from September 26 to 29, sowing 16–18 million seedlings per acre is appropriate. From October 1 to 8, 200,000 to 280,000 basic seedlings should be planted, and from October 9 to 15, 300,000 to 400,000 basic seedlings are recommended. For flat fields, use drills spaced at 16.7 cm (5 inches) or wide and narrow rows, ensuring uniform seed placement at a depth of 4–5 cm. After sowing, the field should be rolled promptly to suppress surface soil.
Before planting, several key steps should be taken. First, conduct a seed germination test, aiming for a germination rate between 85% and 95%. If the germination rate is low, increase the seeding rate accordingly, calculated as follows:
Planned seedling number (per thousand grains) × grain weight
Sowing volume (kg) = ———————————————————————
1000 × Germination rate (%) × Field emergence rate (%)
Second, dry the seeds for 1–2 days to enhance germination potential. Third, perform proper seed treatment by applying coating agents and pesticides to prevent underground pests and ensure healthy seedling establishment.