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In recent years, the quality of land preparation in certain wheat-growing areas of Tianjin has declined, and the efficiency of water and fertilizer use remains relatively low. Moreover, since September, major wheat-producing regions in Tianjin have experienced reduced rainfall and uneven distribution, leading to widespread drought conditions in most wheat fields. Given these challenges, I would like to share some key observations and recommendations for this autumn's wheat planting season.
First, it is essential to select high-yield, high-quality, and stress-resistant wheat varieties. Based on the performance of new wheat varieties introduced over the past two years, some show promising traits, although the cold resistance of certain varieties still needs further field testing. When choosing varieties, main producing areas and counties should prioritize winter-hardy, high-yielding, and early-maturing types. In line with local production conditions, we will continue promoting varieties such as Beijing 9428, Nongda 3214, and Tianjin Yin 159. For different environments, it is recommended to test and demonstrate varieties like Nongda 987, Nongda 3432, and Nongda 189, and consider introducing Nongda 211. Additionally, efforts should focus on selecting high-quality, purified, and rejuvenated varieties. Special attention should be given to measures that prevent cold damage for new high-quality wheat varieties, while also promoting order-based agriculture and supporting regional and industrial development.
Second, intensive cultivation and improved soil preparation are crucial. In recent years, the quality of land preparation has deteriorated, with shallow plowing becoming common, which leads to poor water retention and reduced soil fertility. To address this, it is recommended to implement a two-year crop rotation system this autumn, gradually deepening the plow layer to improve the soil's ability to retain moisture and manage water. The ideal plowing depth should exceed 15 cm, ensuring the field is level, free of debris, and with finely chopped straw. For fields where sowing time is tight, no-till techniques can be adopted, and corn stalks can be used as mulch to reduce soil moisture evaporation.
Third, sufficient irrigation is necessary to ensure good seed germination. With current drought conditions, adequate water supply is critical. It is advisable to fill the bottom of the irrigation channels and provide 50 acres of irrigation water to support timely sowing. Depending on soil type and irrigation conditions, sandy loam soils can be sown immediately after corn harvest, while heavier clay soils may require pre-irrigation before planting.
During sowing, it is important to apply an appropriate amount of base fertilizer. Local agricultural departments should develop tailored fertilization plans based on target yields, variety characteristics, and soil fertility levels. Where possible, soil testing and formula fertilization should be implemented, with special attention given to potassium fertilizer application. Under normal conditions, applying 1-2 tons of high-quality organic manure per acre, along with 20-22.5 kg of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg of urea (or 7.5 kg for wheat with straw return), and 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate is recommended. Fertilizers should be applied below 10 cm in the plow layer, with a nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio of 1:0.6:0.3–0.4 throughout the growing period.
Fourth, controlling the sowing rate and improving plant population quality is essential. Last year’s excessive sowing led to dense stands and lodging issues. This fall, the sowing rate should be adjusted based on the planting date. The optimal sowing window in the city is from September 28 to October 8. For example, sowing between September 26 and 29 should aim for 16–18 million seedlings per acre. From October 1 to October 8, the recommended number is 200,000–280,000 seedlings per acre, and from October 9 to 15, 300,000–400,000 seedlings per acre. Using wide-row or 16.7 cm spacing drills helps achieve uniform seeding at a depth of 4–5 cm. After sowing, rolling the field promptly helps suppress surface crusting and ensures good seed-soil contact.
Before planting, several preparatory steps should be taken. First, conduct a seed germination test to ensure a germination rate of 85–95%. If the germination rate is lower, adjust the sowing rate accordingly using the following formula:
$$
\text{Sowing volume (kg)} = \frac{\text{Planned seedling number} \times \text{Thousand grain weight}}{1000 \times \text{Germination rate (\%)} \times \text{Field emergence rate (\%)}}
$$
Second, dry the seeds for 1–2 days to enhance germination potential. Third, perform proper seed treatment by coating seeds with fungicides and insecticides to control pests and ensure healthy seedlings.