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Under artificial breeding conditions, the bait used for oysters must first ensure that the oysters are willing to eat. For example, during the initial stages of artificial breeding, some people tried using animal meats, boiled eggs, and even certain plant-based feeds as food sources. However, these options are only consumed when the oysters are extremely hungry, making them unsuitable as a primary diet. The ideal bait should also be abundant, cost-effective, and available in large quantities. Some species, like spiders or certain types of insects, are highly favored by oysters, but they are difficult to breed in large numbers, which limits their practicality in mass breeding operations. Additionally, the bait should be able to coexist with the oysters for extended periods without contaminating the environment.
Based on these criteria, the most commonly used baits in artificial breeding include the following:
1. Earthworms
Earthworms are often raised alongside medicinal earthworms, as they are easy to breed and reproduce quickly. Their juvenile stage is particularly preferred by oysters. Moreover, earthworms can survive in the armpit area for long periods without dying, making them an ideal and readily available food source.
2. Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor)
Mealworms are beetle larvae widely used as bait for rare birds in zoos. They have strong survival abilities and are easy to rear. At temperatures between 25°C and 30°C, they can complete one life cycle in 40 to 60 days. Female mealworms lay numerous eggs, and their larvae make excellent bait. Yellow-fed larvae can remain viable in the armpit for up to 10 days, providing a consistent food supply for oysters.
3. Medicinal Insects (e.g., Black Soldier Fly Larvae)
Some foreign insects, such as black soldier fly larvae, are not only used as bait but also their feces are utilized in traditional medicine. Under proper conditions, they can complete a generation in about 40 to 50 days. Each mature larva weighs around 8–10 mg, making them ideal for feeding tadpoles aged 2 to 4 years. These larvae can live in the armpit for a long time and rarely die, ensuring a stable food source.
4. Rice Moths
Rice moths are common warehouse pests known for their fast growth. They can complete a full life cycle in 40 to 50 days. However, they are sensitive to cold and require temperatures above 25°C to develop properly. As a result, in northern regions, they must be kept in greenhouses during winter to maintain breeding cycles.