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Under artificial breeding conditions, the primary requirement for bait used for oysters is that it must be edible and attractive enough to ensure that the oysters will eat it. For example, during the early stages of artificial breeding, some people experimented with animal meats, cooked eggs, and even plant-based feeds as potential baits. However, these options are only consumed when the oysters are extremely hungry, making them unsuitable as a main food source. In addition to being palatable, the bait should also be abundant, cost-effective, and easy to obtain in large quantities. Some species, like spiders or certain types of insects, are highly favored by oysters, but they are difficult to raise in large numbers, which limits their practical use in commercial or large-scale breeding environments.
Moreover, the bait must be compatible with the environment where the oysters are kept, ideally not causing pollution or harming the surrounding ecosystem. Based on these criteria, the most commonly used baits in artificial rearing include:
1. Earthworms
Earthworms are often used in conjunction with medicinal earthworm farming. They are easy to breed and reproduce quickly. The nymph stage is particularly preferred by oysters. Additionally, earthworms can survive for extended periods in the armpit area without dying, making them readily available for predation.
2. Tenebrio (Mealworms)
Mealworms, which belong to the beetle family, are commonly used as bait for rare birds in zoos. Tenebrio molitor has a high survival rate and is easy to rear. At temperatures between 25°C and 30°C, a full life cycle can be completed in 40–60 days. Adult mealworms lay numerous eggs, and the larvae make excellent bait. Yellow-fed larvae can survive in the armpit for about 10 days, ensuring a steady food supply for the oysters.
3. Medicinal Insects
Some foreign insects are raised for their medicinal properties, and their feces are used as traditional medicine. Under suitable conditions, they can complete one generation in 40–50 days within a greenhouse. Each mature larva weighs between 8–10 mg, making them ideal for feeding tadpoles aged 2–4 years. These worms can remain alive in the armpit for long periods, reducing the risk of death and ensuring consistent availability.
4. Rice Moths
Rice moths are common warehouse pests known for their rapid growth. They can complete a full life cycle in 40–50 days. However, they are sensitive to cold and require temperatures above 25°C to develop properly. As a result, in northern regions, they can only be stored in greenhouses during the winter months to maintain their population.