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Autumn is an ideal time for fish to gain weight and grow. For farmers, proper feeding and management during this season are crucial for maximizing yield. Long-term research by fisheries scientists has shown that effective autumn care can boost production by up to 30% compared to regular practices. Proper autumn management not only improves breeding efficiency before winter but also enhances the fish's ability to survive in cold conditions if they haven't met market size requirements. This sets a solid foundation for their survival through the colder months.
So, what should you focus on during fall?
First, pay attention to bait preparation. In aquaculture, there’s a natural food chain involving organisms like plankton, which many fish species rely on. During autumn, it’s important to fertilize the water to promote the growth of these natural feed sources. At the start of autumn, when temperatures are still relatively high, fertilization should be done in small amounts. For example, in a 2.5-acre pond, applying 5 kg of superphosphate and 2.5 kg of urea can help maintain clear, greenish or tea-colored water—ideal for aquatic life. If using a lime-based pond, fermented livestock manure (400–500 kg per acre) applied every 7–10 days can stimulate plankton growth. As temperatures drop later in the season, organic fertilizers can be used to thicken the water, increase plankton density, and provide more nutrition for fish preparing for winter.
Second, monitor temperature changes. As the weather cools, fish begin to store energy for the winter. Ensure they receive enough green feed, such as grasses, and supplement with concentrated feeds like bran, rice bran, or soy flour. Feed once daily in the afternoon, ensuring all food is consumed within two hours. From October onward, slightly increase the amount of feed to meet nutritional needs. The concentrate feed should make up 2.5–3% of the total fish biomass.
Third, maintain good water quality. Freshwater should be added every 7–10 days, changing 20–30 cm each time. Apply 20 kg of quicklime per mu to neutralize acidity, raise pH, and improve water clarity. Once a month, apply lime twice. In ponds where feed is heavy or organic matter accumulates, planting floating plants like water hyacinth or water peanuts on bamboo rafts can help absorb excess ammonia and improve water quality. These plants also serve as additional feed for grass carp.
Fourth, watch for oxygen depletion. With increased feeding and activity, hypoxia can occur, leading to "floating heads" or fish rising to the surface. Check the pond early morning and late evening, especially at night. If fish eat less, leave uneaten bait, or show signs of distress, it may indicate low oxygen levels. In such cases, activate aerators or add fresh water immediately. If no aeration is available, dissolve 5–20 kg of salt and alum per acre, or use an oxygen enhancer. Clean the pond regularly to reduce pollution and maintain water clarity.
Finally, prevent diseases. Every half month, spray 1 kg of bleaching powder per mu of water. Combine this with feeding "Cyprevir" and "Fishikang" to prevent illness. If disease occurs, treat with a disinfectant twice and continue medicated feeding for 4–5 days to fully recover the fish.
Lastly, prepare for winter. If fish aren’t yet market-ready, ensure proper wintering conditions. Some species need to be moved to separate ponds to avoid predation. Sterilize overwintering ponds thoroughly and fill them to a depth of 2–3 meters. For tropical or subtropical fish, install frost protection using straw or plastic sheets in sheltered areas, covering about 80–100 square meters per acre to keep the water warm and safe throughout the cold season.