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Spring is the peak season for sows to give birth, and the period before and after farrowing is one of the most critical times in their reproductive cycle. Proper care during this time is essential to ensure the health of both the sow and her piglets. If not managed well, it can lead to stillbirths, weak piglets, or even the death of the sow. Below are some key management practices to follow when raising sows before and after childbirth.
During the late stages of pregnancy, the fetuses grow rapidly, requiring a significant amount of nutrients. To meet these needs, it's recommended to feed the sow multiple small meals throughout the day rather than large portions. This helps avoid overloading the sow’s digestive system and reduces the risk of complications such as dystocia (difficult labor) or stillbirths. As the due date approaches, gradually reduce the amount of roughage and increase the proportion of concentrated feed based on the sow’s body condition. This ensures that the piglets receive adequate nutrition while preventing the sow’s gastrointestinal tract from becoming too full and pressing on the developing fetuses.
In the three to four days leading up to farrowing, it's important to adjust the sow’s diet according to her appetite. Feed her easily digestible options like bran or soaked grains to help maintain regular bowel movements and prevent constipation, which can complicate delivery. This also helps avoid issues such as postpartum constipation or overly concentrated milk, which may cause diarrhea in the piglets.
After the sow has given birth, it’s crucial to remove the umbilical cord and placenta immediately. This prevents the sow from eating the placenta, which can cause indigestion, reduce milk production, or even develop undesirable behaviors. On the second day after birth, you can introduce easily digestible feed to help the sow recover. By the third or fourth day, gradually transition back to regular feed, ensuring a smooth and healthy recovery for the sow and a steady milk supply for the piglets.
Proper nutrition, hygiene, and monitoring during this sensitive period are vital for the success of the farrowing process and the survival of the litter. With careful attention, farmers can significantly improve the health and productivity of their sows and piglets.