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Spring is the peak season for sows to give birth, and this period is one of the most critical times in their reproductive cycle. Proper care before and after farrowing is essential to ensure the health of both the sow and her piglets. Neglect during this time can lead to complications such as stillbirths, weak piglets, or even the death of the sow. Here are some key management practices that should be followed during this crucial phase.
In the final weeks of pregnancy, the sow's body undergoes significant changes as the fetuses grow rapidly. To meet their nutritional needs without overloading the digestive system, it’s important to feed them multiple small meals throughout the day. The amount of coarse feed should be gradually reduced, while the concentrate portion should be increased based on the sow’s condition. This helps prevent the gastrointestinal tract from becoming too large, which could press on the developing fetuses and lead to dystocia or stillbirths. It also ensures the piglets receive adequate nutrition.
Three to four days before farrowing, the sow’s feed intake should be adjusted according to her appetite. Feeds that are easy to digest, such as bran or molasses, should be provided to help maintain regular bowel movements. This not only supports the sow’s comfort during labor but also prevents postpartum issues like constipation or overly concentrated milk, which can cause diarrhea in the piglets.
After delivery, it’s crucial to remove the umbilical cord and any remaining placental material immediately. This prevents the sow from swallowing the placenta, which can lead to digestive problems, reduced milk production, or even abnormal behaviors in the piglets. On the second day after giving birth, the sow can be offered easily digestible feeds. By the third or fourth day, she can gradually transition back to her normal feed ration.
In addition to feeding, maintaining a clean and stress-free environment is vital. Providing fresh water at all times, monitoring the sow’s behavior, and ensuring proper hygiene around the farrowing area can significantly improve outcomes. Regular observation and timely intervention can make a big difference in the survival and well-being of both the sow and her litter.