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First, the symptoms. Plant nematodes are mainly responsible for flowers such as Compositae, Primulae, Rosaceae, Impatiens, and Begonia. The disease damages roots, leaves, flower buds, and flowers. There are two main types of symptoms:
1, aboveground symptoms: such symptoms in the worms, the leaves show a polygonal necrotic spots, bud malformations, the whole plant dwarf, damage chrysanthemum, dahlia, early chrysanthemum, etc., parasites against leaves and buds. Stem nematode, manifested as leaf deformation, dwarfing flowers, and even unable to flower. Damage to tulips, hyacinths, gladiolus, daffodils, etc., parasites invade bulbs and tubers.
2, the root symptoms: root swelling is chicken-like deformities, root tissue black rot, such as damage to peony, peony, Begonia, rose, impatiens, cyclamen, etc., parasites against plant roots. There are also spherical root knots on some roots.
Second, the occurrence of features. In different regions and different flowers, nematodes have different algebras in 1 year, generally from several generations to more than 10 generations. Winters are caused by eggs, larvae and adults in diseased plants and soil. The insects spread by rainwater, irrigation, tools, soil, flower seedlings, bulbs, etc. After the soil temperature has risen in the spring of the following year, the eggs hatch, and the larvae invade from the stomata, lenticels, and wounds. When the soil temperature is between 15-30°C, it is conducive to the development and infestation of root-knot nematodes and stem nematodes. Under suitable conditions, one generation can be completed within 20-30 days. Sandy soils are generally severely affected. Some nematodes can also spread the virus. From spring to autumn, the number of populations is increasing, and the population structure is diversified.
Third, comprehensive prevention and control measures.
1, strengthen quarantine. For the newly introduced flower varieties, they must be quarantined by the quarantine agency to the designated place after the quarantine inspection.
2, using disease-free strong seedlings. The disease-free breeding nursery was established disease-free and planted with disease-free strong seedlings.
3, do a good job in the cleanliness of flower nurseries. Remove dead flowers and weeds and miscellaneous trees inside and outside the nursery.
4, using clean water. Groundwater irrigation is used to improve drainage facilities and prevent the inflow of contaminated water from outside into the flower nursery.
5, do a good job of disinfection of seedlings and culture media.
(1) disinfection of seedlings: seedlings can be used 3% carbofuran granules (carbofuran) 30 times submerged root for 30 minutes before the upper pot (carbofuran is highly toxic, and should be used with caution).
(2) Disinfection of culture medium: Put the culture medium into the cooking pot and submerge it in water for 20 days before the upper pot, and then dry it by boiling water. Take out 30% Weibai Miao 50 times liquid and cover the black film for fumigation. Before using the culture medium, uncover the black film and allow it to breathe for 7 to 10 days.
6, disinfection of finished flowers. Every 30 days with 3% Milur granules (Ke-line phosphorus) control 1 times, dosage of 6-9 grams per square meter, product-shaped hole Shi.
7, the ground cover black film disinfection. Before planting, 3 to 4 kg of 3 grams of water can be applied per acre to disinfect the ground and then cover the dark film for 3 to 5 months. The control effect is obvious.
8, the application of rolling cultivation frame. Taking off-land and hard-bottomed planting methods can effectively prevent the spread and occurrence of nematodes and other pests and diseases.
Flowers have an important role in beautifying the environment and developing the economy. The types and areas of planting have increased year by year, but the damage caused by nematodes has become more and more serious.