First, timely cover insulation Timely coverage of insulation refers to timely covering of greenhouse films and covering straw and other insulation facilities in greenhouses, and is one of the important technologies for the management of strawberries in protected areas in winter. Because the implementation of coverage is the same as timely planting, it is determined by the type of preparation, and the cultivation and colonization are promoted early and covered. It is necessary to cover the strawberry before it is dormant, and half of the cultivation must wait for the strawberry to be dormant before covering. Too early or too late can not reach the corresponding cultivation purposes. The promotion of cultivation coverage not only failed to achieve the purpose of the morning market, but also resulted in excessive growth of strawberry plants due to long hibernation. However, if the semi-conducted cultivation cover is too early and the planted varieties do not reach the required dormancy, plant dwarfing, yield, and quality decline will occur. Second, hormone management The purpose of greenhouse coverage is to increase the temperature and promote the growth of strawberries. The management of hormones also promotes the growth of strawberries. Immediately after the covering, hormone management of strawberries should be performed. Plants are also planted on production, both old leaves removed, flowers and buds removed, ridges and black mulch film removed. From time to time, buds and plants are not sensitive to hormones. Similarly, hormone management does not grow rapidly, and young seedlings are easily formed. At the same time, the fruit quality and yield of flowering and fruiting are not ideal. Therefore, at the same time when the old leaves are removed, it is necessary to remove flowers and buds from time to time to ensure the normal growth and development of the strawberry plants in order to obtain the desired yield and quality. Strawberry hormone management is another important technology for the management of strawberry in protected areas. Hormone management is mainly sprayed with gibberellin to break the dormancy or prevent strawberry dormancy. The concentration is generally 5-10ppm. Now generally spray effect Ling 3-6mm, it is better than gibberellin. The concentration of spraying gibberellin should be determined by the spraying time, species, seedling condition, and greenhouse temperature. In principle, the time is early, the temperature is high, the dormancy is shorter, and the concentration of weak spraying of the seedlings is a little lower, and vice versa. Third, fertilizer and water management technology Protected land is different from open ground. Humidity of the air is high, the ground surface is always wet, and the ground surface is wet but the soil is dry. Therefore, timely watering is required. Watering should be done with less pouring, drip irrigation should be done by pouring water to half of the ridge, and it should be poured once every 5-7 days. At the same time, water has a correlation with fertilizer, which can regulate the fertilizer with water. Timely and rational fertilization mainly refers to fertilization according to the laws of strawberry's fat absorption and how much it needs to be fertilized. Before strawberry flowering, the absorption of fertilizers is less and mainly to absorb nitrogen fertilizer. After flowering, it enters the first absorption peak, and the absorption of potassium fertilizer is also Into the peak, the second peak is the end of the first pod picking, after the second pod blossom. At the same time, strawberry roots are very sensitive to salt, and it is easy to burn roots due to more fertilization. The growth of strawberry roots is closely related to the soil temperature. The soil temperature is below 5 degrees, and the roots stop growing. Below 10 degrees, the growth is slow, and 15-20 degrees is the best temperature for root growth. Above 30 degrees, the roots stop growing. Therefore, fertilization should be timely and reasonable fertilization strawberry, a large amount of fertilizer, fertilization, soil temperature is low, easy to cause burning root. In principle, fertilization should not be carried out from December to January of the following year, with little or no early application, and fertilization after flowering or after spring. Reasonable fertilization also includes the type of fertilization. Before flowering, nitrogen is the main fertilizer. After flowering, potassium fertilizer is the main factor, so as to ensure the normal growth and development of strawberries and improve the demand for different fertilizer elements in different periods of quality. Fourth, temperature and humidity management Strawberry temperature and humidity management in protected areas is another important part of winter strawberries. The main goal is to grow fruit at a moderate temperature, reduce humidity, and reduce the incidence of disease. The size of strawberry fruit is determined by the number of the receptacle cells and the expansion of the cells. The number of cells is determined by the timing of flower bud differentiation and the number of stages in which the buds are located. It is generally constant, and the cell enlargement and strawberry fruit ripening time The length of the relevant, strawberry fruit mature from fertilization, the need for accumulated temperature of 600 degrees, if the daily average temperature of 30 degrees, the fruit matures in 20 days, the average daily temperature of 20 degrees, the fruit needs 30 days of maturity, the longer the fruit ripening days, cell expansion The bigger the fruit is, the bigger the fruit is. When the fruit is less than 18 degrees, the fruit only enlarges and does not stain. The protected land can control the temperature of fruit ripening to a certain extent, prolong the ripening time of the fruit, and realize fruit size. The size of the protected strawberry fruit is closely related to the temperature of the fruit during the ripening process, ie, the length of the growing time. The temperature is low, and the time is long, the fruit is large, otherwise the fruit is small. At the same time, the appropriate low temperature also increases the storage and transportation of fruit. Because the hardness of the fruit is related to the temperature of the fruit during maturation, the higher the temperature is, the lower the hardness is, and the worse the storage and transportation, otherwise the fruit is hard and the better the storage and transportation. Humidity is also closely related to the fruit's storage and transportation. The higher the humidity is, the softer the fruit is, the thinner the peel is, and the poorer the storage and transportability is. Therefore, the greenhouse should be kept at a suitable low temperature and low humidity in order to achieve the purpose of large fruit size, good fruiting performance, and high fruit quality. Temperature and humidity are inversely related to each other. The air has a certain moisture content. The higher the temperature, the lower the humidity of the air, and vice versa. However, if the temperature is high, even if the humidity is low, the storage and transportation of the fruit will be poor. Ventilation in winter greenhouses, while lowering the temperature, also reduces the humidity, which is an important measure to improve the quality of the fruit, and it is also an important technical measure to reduce the occurrence of gray mold. The winter strawberry greenhouses mainly rely on sunlight to increase the temperature inside the shed, and rely on the protection to maintain a certain temperature in the shed. Therefore, there is a certain contradiction between ventilation and humidity reduction and heat preservation, and it is necessary to have a flexible grasp. At the same time, the temperature is too low, it also affects the normal growth and development of strawberries, flowering shed temperature is lower than 5 degrees, should form a freeze injury, cloudy for a long time, the temperature can not be put on the shed, will also affect the normal growth and development of strawberries. General requirements for low temperature flowering period of not less than 5 degrees, high temperature does not exceed 25 degrees, relative humidity below 70%. The temperature and humidity index is dead and people are alive. Temperature and humidity, maturity, morning and evening, and quality (fruit size and transportation) are full of contradictions. To a particular grower, a greenhouse is ever-changing, and it is necessary to be flexible and achieve coordination and unity in order to obtain high-quality fruit. Big purpose. Summarizing our many years of experience, do not die hard for a specific indicator, and the temperature and humidity of the shed should be comfortable to the human body. V. Plant Management Strawberry plant management is determined by the unique characteristics of strawberries. One of the unique characteristics of strawberries is that the roots of strawberry are precious, the leaves are not expensive, the roots are afraid of dryness, and the salt is not tolerant. The loquat leaves promote the growth of the strawberries. The temperature is suitable and new leaves are constantly produced. The second is that the strawberry leaves are rotated. Each six is ​​a round. The first leaf overlaps with the seventh leaf. The seventh leaf enters the functional period. The first leaf must enter the nutrient consumption period and must be removed. Therefore, the plant should be cleaned. In theory, it should be six leaves, but the greenhouse strawberry leaves grow at a lower temperature, and leaves grow longer and grow longer. The old leaves have long lost their function. Therefore, it is generally advisable to use 4-5 leaves. Third, the bouquet of strawberries is a cymulin or cymulous cyme, the first flower (top fruit, only one) is the largest, the second fruit is the second (two), the third fruit is again (four), .... The higher the level is, the smaller the fruit is, and the higher the level is, the longer the fruit is, the longer it will be, and the longer it will be. If it is a fruit, it only plays the role of nutrient competition and has no economic value. In the strawberry growing season in winter, the original lighting time is short, the light is insufficient, the temperature is low, the photosynthetic efficiency is low, and the photosynthetic products are insufficient. The competition ability of the photosynthetic product is far greater than that of the root system. The root system is originally under the low soil temperature conditions in the winter greenhouse. The poor growth and development, its presence has accelerated the premature aging of the roots, premature aging of the roots, which in turn has accelerated the premature decline of the plants, resulting in a vicious circle, causing a decrease in production and quality, and should be sparsely removed. This is an important reason why strawberry plants need to be cleaned up. At the same time, thinning and thinning fruit are also an important technical measure for the high quality and high yield of strawberry in the protected area. In production practice, specific conditions should be applied, and 3-5 flowers (fruits) should be generally left depending on the growth status of the plant. All sparse, leaving 1-2 weak plants, or even remove the entire bouquet. In semi-active cultivation, the whole bouquet should also be removed, depending on the growth of the plant, after the shed and at the beginning of hormone management. In production practice, we often find that the first bunch of flowers and fruits is cultivated in the open or semi-promoted strawberry, the main stem often does not grow, the lateral branches are elongated, the number is large but the flowers and fruit are small, it is hair-like, the second bouquet is large and the number is small . Strawberry has the characteristics of continuous flowering and continuous fruiting. After removal, new bouquets will be produced, and the fruit shape will be better. At the same time, it will accelerate the production of new leaves and enlarge the leaves, laying the foundation for high quality and high yield. Another important task of plant rearrangement is to remove the bifurcation and implement the single main stem flowering result, which is another important technology for high quality and high yield. In the differentiation of flower buds, buds are produced in the strawberry, and the bifurcation occurs. Since the greenhouse temperature and light time are suitable for the differentiation of flower buds, these bifurcations will also differentiate flower buds, produce flower buds, and produce flowering results. Due to the lack of greenhouse temperature, light, and ground temperature, it is not enough to make and absorb enough nutrients to support so many bifurcations and flowers. The growth and development of fruit, resulting in poor plant growth and development, small flowers, small fruit, so that the quality of fruit and production, should be promptly removed.
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