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**Scientific Name:** *Fructus Chaenomelis Speciosae*
**Common Names:** Wrinkled papaya, red papaya, or Chinese quince.
**Morphological Characteristics:**
This deciduous shrub can grow up to 2 meters tall, with smooth and spiny branchlets. The leaves are ovate to elliptical in shape, ranging from 3 to 10 cm in length and 1.5 to 4 cm in width. The flowers appear in clusters, usually reddish or white, with five styles that are fused at the base and hairless. The fruits are round or oblong, about 8 cm in size, with a dry, wrinkled skin that shrinks as they mature.
The flowering period typically occurs between March and April, while fruiting takes place in October. The fruits are oval or oblong, measuring 4–9 cm in length, 2–5 cm in width, and 1–2.5 cm in thickness. The outer surface is purple or reddish-brown, marked by deep, irregular wrinkles. When cut open, the edges curl inward, revealing a reddish-brown flesh with a central depression that turns brownish-yellow.
The seeds are elongated and triangular, often shed easily, and have a smooth, shiny surface. The fruit has a firm texture and emits a slightly sweet and sour aroma.
**Origin and Distribution:**
Native to China, this plant is widely cultivated across the country. It is primarily found in Sichuan, Hubei, Anhui, and Zhejiang provinces.
**Growth Habits:**
It thrives in warm and humid climates, tolerates drought but is sensitive to flooding. It requires well-drained, fertile soil for optimal growth.
**Propagation Methods:**
Most commonly propagated through cuttings or layering, though it can also be grown from seeds. However, seed propagation is less common due to its slow growth rate.
**Cultivation and Management:**
Choose sunny, well-drained areas for planting, ideally during autumn or winter. When transplanting, ensure the root ball is intact and add base fertilizer to the planting hole. After flowering, apply 1–2 fertilizations annually, and water regularly. In winter, apply another round of fertilizer.
In mid-March, combine watering with fertilization, and gently rinse off dust from flower buds. Water again in late March, and once more in early April when buds begin to open. During summer, ensure proper drainage after heavy rains to avoid root rot, which can cause leaf drop and hinder plant growth.
After flowering, prune the top of last year’s flowering shoots, leaving about 40 cm of the base to encourage branching. Prune annually after leaf fall or before spring sprouting, removing dead, overlapping, or leggy branches to concentrate nutrients and promote flowering. When pruning, use a light cut on strong branches and a heavier cut on weak ones.
**Landscape Use:**
This plant is highly ornamental, offering vibrant spring blooms and fragrant yellow autumn fruits. It is an excellent choice for gardens, roadsides, flower beds, lawns, watersides, and wall plantings. It can be planted as a hedge, potted plant, or used for cut flowers.
**Chemical Composition:**
The fruit contains malic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, saponins, and flavonoids. Fresh fruit contains catalase, while the seeds contain hydrocyanic acid.
**Medicinal Uses:**
Known for its ability to relieve dampness and strengthen the stomach, it is traditionally used to treat warts, lower back and knee pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and edema associated with beriberi.
With its beautiful appearance and medicinal value, *Fructus Chaenomelis Speciosae* is a versatile and valuable plant in both horticulture and traditional medicine.