Common names: wrinkled papaya, declared papaya, red papaya Botanical Description: Fructus Chaenomelis Speciosae is a deciduous shrub that can grow up to 2 meters tall. Its branchlets are smooth and spiny. The leaves are ovate to elliptical, measuring between 3 to 10 cm in length and 1.5 to 4 cm in width. The flowers appear in clusters, ranging in color from reddish to white. They have five styles that are joined at the base and are hairless. The fruits are spherical or oblong, approximately 8 cm long, with a dry, wrinkled surface. The flowering season typically occurs between March and April, while fruiting takes place in October. The fruits are oval or oblong, measuring 4 to 9 cm in length, 2 to 5 cm in width, and 1 to 2.5 cm in thickness. The outer surface is dark purple or reddish-brown with deep, irregular wrinkles. The edges of the cross-section curl inward, and the flesh is reddish-brown, with a central area that is sunken and yellowish-brown. The seeds are elongated and triangular, often shed naturally. They are smooth and glossy. The fruit has a hard texture and emits a slightly sweet and sour aroma. Origin and Distribution: This plant is native to China and is widely cultivated across the country. It is mainly found in provinces such as Sichuan, Hubei, Anhui, and Zhejiang. Growth Requirements: Fructus Chaenomelis Speciosae thrives in warm and humid climates. It is drought-tolerant but sensitive to flooding. It requires well-drained, fertile soil for optimal growth. Proper drainage is essential to avoid root issues and ensure healthy development. Propagation Methods: It is commonly propagated through vegetative methods such as ramets, cuttings, and grafting. While it can also be grown from seeds, this method is rarely used due to its slow growth rate. Cultivation and Care: When planting, choose a sunny and well-drained location. The best time for planting is during autumn or winter. When transplanting, make sure to include a ball of soil around the roots and apply a base fertilizer in the planting hole. After flowering, apply 1-2 rounds of fertilizer annually, and add another round in winter. In mid-March, combine watering with fertilization, and gently rinse the flower buds to remove dust. Water again at the end of March and just before the buds open in early April. During summer, monitor rainfall and ensure proper drainage after heavy rains to prevent waterlogging, which can cause leaf drop and hinder growth. After flowering, prune the top of last year’s flowering shoots, leaving about 40 cm of the base to encourage branching. Annually, after the leaves fall or before spring growth begins, perform a thorough pruning by cutting back the current year's branches to promote branching. Remove dead, overlapping, and leggy branches to concentrate nutrients and enhance flowering. When pruning, use light cuts on strong branches and heavier cuts on weaker ones. Ornamental Use: This plant is known for its beautiful spring flowers and fragrant yellow autumn fruits. It is an excellent choice for ornamental purposes, adding both visual appeal and fragrance to gardens. It is suitable for planting in gardens, along roadsides, in flower beds, lawns, near water bodies, and on walls. It can be planted as a hedge, in pots, or used for cut flowers. Chemical Composition: The fruit contains various organic acids such as malic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid, along with saponins and flavonoids. Fresh fruit contains catalase, while the seeds contain hydrocyanic acid. Medicinal Uses: Fructus Chaenomelis Speciosae is used in traditional medicine for its ability to relieve dampness, strengthen the stomach, and treat conditions such as warts, lower back and knee pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and edema associated with beriberi.
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Scientific name: Fructus Chaenomelis Speciosae