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In order to cater to goldfish breeding enthusiasts and families who wish to raise goldfish at home, the following techniques for breeding goldfish in water tanks are provided. These methods are designed to ensure successful breeding and healthy offspring.
First, selecting the right fish species is crucial. The quality of the parent fish directly influences the health and vitality of the next generation. Therefore, it's important to choose high-quality, purebred goldfish that are strong, mature, and display desirable traits. These fish tend to be more energetic, disease-resistant, and have a higher reproductive capacity.
Second, identifying male and female goldfish can be done by observing their physical characteristics. Males often develop small white bumps called "chasing stars" on their heads, dorsal fins, and gill covers. During the breeding season, which typically occurs from April to May, these features become more prominent. If a male lacks these bumps, he may not be fully mature and should not be used for breeding. Female goldfish usually have smoother pectoral fins and a more noticeable vent. When mature, they often have a swollen belly and may show a tendency to follow males. Even if they don’t appear pot-bellied, females are still considered mature if males are present. Before spawning, females emit a scent that attracts males.
Once the fish are selected, they should be kept in large, clean tanks to promote healthy development.
Third, pairing male and female goldfish is essential for successful reproduction. Since female eggs need to be fertilized by male sperm, each female should be paired with one male, maintaining a 1:1 ratio.
Fourth, managing the spawning period is key. As females prepare to lay eggs, their appetite decreases. At this time, adding aquatic plants like Pteris or old brown silk into the tank can encourage spawning. In the early morning, males will begin chasing the females more actively. By around 6–7 am the next day, females will lay their eggs on the plants. After spawning, the females should be removed to prevent them from eating the eggs. The male’s tank must be completely changed to avoid contamination from female secretions, which could harm the eggs.
Fifth, managing the hatching process is critical. Once the eggs are laid, they should be transferred to a separate tank and placed in a well-ventilated, sunny area. At water temperatures between 13–20°C, the eggs will gradually lose transparency and develop a black spot within 2–3 days—this is the start of the fry. After another 3–5 days, the black spots expand into a circular shape, indicating the beginning of development. Within 1–2 more days, the fry will hatch. At this stage, the tiny fish are very small, dark in color, and remain attached to the bottom or plants. It’s important to keep the environment calm and avoid removing the plants prematurely. After about five days, you can begin feeding them with yolk water made from boiled egg yolks, offered 2–3 times daily in small amounts.
Lastly, some important considerations:
1. During rainy or humid weather, eggs may fail to develop properly or even become moldy. In such cases, moving the tank to a better-ventilated area is recommended. Although hatching might take longer, some fry can still emerge, though the quantity and quality may be affected.
2. For the first two weeks after hatching, it’s best not to change the water, but the water must stay fresh. If any fry float at the surface, they should be removed immediately. When changing water, handle the tank gently to avoid disturbing the young fish. Once the fry grow slightly larger, water changes can be done every 3–4 days. Initially, feed them with infusoria or cooked egg yolk, and gradually transition them to the same food as adult goldfish.