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In order to meet the needs of goldfish breeding enthusiasts and families who wish to raise goldfish at home, the following techniques for breeding goldfish in water tanks are outlined. These methods are designed to ensure a successful and healthy breeding process.
First, selecting the right fish species is crucial. The quality of the parent fish directly impacts the health and vitality of the next generation. Therefore, it's important to choose high-quality, purebred goldfish that are strong, mature, and display desirable traits. These fish are more likely to produce healthy offspring with good growth rates and disease resistance.
Second, identifying the sex of the goldfish is essential. A reliable method is observing the "chasing stars," which are small white bumps that appear on the heads, dorsal fins, and pectoral fins of male goldfish during the breeding season, typically from April to May. Males without these bumps are not yet mature and should not be used for breeding. Female goldfish, on the other hand, have smoother pectoral fins and a more prominent vent. When they are ready to spawn, their bellies become swollen, and they may develop a slightly rounded tail. Even if they don’t look pot-bellied, females can still be mature if males are present. Before spawning, females emit a distinct odor that attracts males.
After selection, the chosen fish should be kept in large, clean tanks to ensure optimal conditions for breeding.
Third, pairing the males and females is important. Since female eggs require fertilization by male sperm, each female should be paired with one male, maintaining a 1:1 ratio. This ensures proper fertilization and increases the chances of successful breeding.
Fourth, managing the spawning period is key. As females approach spawning, their appetite decreases. At this time, adding a bouquet of Pteris (or alternatives like old brown silk or hemp) to the tank can encourage spawning. In the early morning, males will begin chasing the females more actively. By around 6 to 7 am the next day, the females will lay their eggs on the plants. After spawning, the females should be moved to a separate tank to prevent them from eating the eggs. The male’s tank must be completely changed to avoid contamination from female secretions, which could harm the fish.
Fifth, egg hatching management requires careful attention. Once the eggs are laid, they should be transferred to a larger, well-ventilated tank. At water temperatures between 13°C and 20°C, the eggs will gradually lose transparency and develop a black spot within 2 to 3 days. This marks the beginning of the fry. Over the next 3 to 5 days, the black spot expands into a circle, indicating development. Within another 1 to 2 days, tiny fry will hatch. At this stage, they are very small, dark in color, and do not eat or move—they cling to the bottom or aquatic plants. It’s important to keep the environment quiet and avoid removing the plants prematurely. After about 5 days, the fry can be fed yolk water made from boiled egg yolks wrapped in gauze, 2 to 3 times daily. Be careful not to overfeed.
Finally, some important notes to consider:
1. During rainy weather or when the air is humid and stagnant, the eggs may fail to develop or even rot. In such cases, moving the tank to a well-ventilated area is recommended. While hatching may take longer, it is still possible, though the number and quality of fry may be affected.
2. For the first two weeks after hatching, it’s best not to change the water, but ensure it remains clean and fresh. If any fry are seen floating at the surface, they should be removed immediately. When changing water, do so gently to avoid disturbing the fry. As the fry grow, you can change the water every 3 to 4 days. Initially, feed them with infusoria or cooked egg yolk, and gradually transition them to the same food as adult goldfish.