1. Broodstock Selection Broodstock can be selected from September to October of the previous year or from March to April of the same year. The ideal weight for selection is between 30-50 grams, with complete and healthy appendages, free from diseases, and showing strong activity. The recommended male-to-female ratio is 2:1 to 3:1. Male and female lobsters have distinct physical characteristics that make them easy to differentiate. Male lobsters are typically larger than females and have large, bright red soft ticks on both sides of their claws. Female lobsters have smaller claws and generally do not have these red soft ticks. The gonopore in males is located at the base of the fifth pair of legs, while in females, it is found on the third pair. Additionally, mature females have a broader abdomen compared to the narrower one of males. 2. Broodstock Cultivation The broodstock pond should cover an area of approximately 1200 square meters, with loamy soil at the bottom and a water depth of about 1 meter. The pond width should be more than 1.5 meters. A good and ample water source is essential, along with properly constructed inlet and outlet systems. Plastic films or calcium walls should be used around the pond to prevent escape. Before stocking, the pond is treated with 50-60 kg of lime per square meter and left dry for 7-10 days. After disinfection, the water is filtered to prevent wild fish from entering, and the water depth is maintained at about 1 meter. Fertilization is done using decomposed livestock manure at a rate of 500-800 kg per mu. The pond should include hiding places such as branches, roots, and bamboo tubes, as well as some aquatic plants. Stocking density is around 40-60 kg per mu. Before introducing the broodstock, they are bathed in 3% saltwater for 10 minutes to eliminate pathogens. To optimize space and maintain water quality, 50-100 individuals per mu can be mixed. Feeding includes fresh water grass, bean cake, wheat bran, or compound feed, with some animal-based food like chopped snail meat or leftover meat from livestock. Daily feeding amounts vary by month: 2%-3% of body weight in March, 4%-5% in April, and 6%-8% after May. Feeding occurs twice daily, mainly in the evening, which accounts for 70% of the total amount. Water quality management is crucial—fresh water is changed every 10-15 days, with 1/3 of the water replaced each time. Lime is applied daily at 10-25 g/m² to maintain clean and healthy water conditions, which supports gonad development. 3. Broodstock Breeding In April and May, when water temperatures rise above 20°C, broodstock begin to mate. Fertilized eggs develop inside the female's abdomen, and the incubation period lasts 40-70 days. Once the juveniles hatch, they grow under the protection of their mother. When they become independent, they can start feeding on their own. As soon as a large number of juvenile shrimps appear in the breeding pond, they should be harvested promptly for further cultivation. 4. Winter Broodstock Management Lobsters can survive at a minimum temperature of 5°C, but survival rates drop significantly when water temperatures fall below 9°C, especially for shrimp around 3 cm in size. Although adult lobsters can survive, many die within 2-3 months. Therefore, maintaining a stable water temperature between 16°C and 18°C during winter is critical for broodstock survival. This process is an essential part of the breeding cycle. Wintering methods for broodstock are similar to those used for Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Common techniques include covering ponds with plastic film for insulation, using electric heaters, utilizing hot spring water, taking advantage of factory residual heat, or setting up glass greenhouses. These methods help ensure safe overwintering of the broodstock. 5. Nursery Technology Although lobster egg production is relatively low, fertilization rates can exceed 98%, and hatching rates range between 80% and 85%. However, post-hatching growth is often unstable and highly sensitive to environmental changes. To improve survival rates, the following measures must be taken: 1. Water Quality Requirements During breeding, the water must remain stable, clear, and with a pH between 6.5 and 8. Avoid large fluctuations in temperature between day and night. Dissolved oxygen levels should be kept above 5.6 mg/L to support healthy development. 2. Water Environment The water surface should have water lilies covering about one-third of the area, and the bottom should be rich in vegetation with hidden caves to provide shelter for young shrimps. Inlet systems should include filters and fences to prevent predators and frogs from entering, which could harm the seedlings. Also, steps should be taken to prevent brooding shrimps from climbing out of the pond. 3. Regular Monitoring It is important to check the nursery regularly in the morning and evening. When larvae detach from the mother, the broodstock should be removed and returned to the broodstock pool. Minimize the number of ponds used to reduce stress. Special care should be taken to avoid mixing broodstock with newly hatched larvae, as this can lead to negative impacts. 4. Sufficient Feeding As soon as the juveniles hatch, small zooplankton like rotifers should be introduced. About three to five days before hatching, a small amount of zooplankton can be collected from a designated feed pond and added to the nursery. Additionally, cooked egg yolk and soy milk can be used as supplementary feeds for young shrimps. (Source: "Liu Huachang," "Dragon Lobster," People's Daily Press, Beijing, May 2003, First Edition.) 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