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In recent years, despite fluctuations in the market price of squid, the cultivation of species like European eel and sea bream in open-sea cages remains a promising venture with significant economic returns. The availability of seedlings and the growing demand for sustainable seafood make these practices increasingly viable.
**Water Quality Environment**
For optimal growth, it's recommended to place cages near the mouth of an estuary where the water is clear, open, and has minimal wave action. The ideal water temperature ranges from 8°C to 30°C, with a current speed of less than 1 m/s—ideally around 0.5 m/s. Maintaining good water quality is crucial to prevent disease and ensure healthy development.
**Cage Specifications**
A three-meter by three-meter or six-meter by three-meter seamless mesh cage is suitable for seawater aquaculture. The mesh size should be 0.5 cm for raising black pups and 0.8 cm for larger juveniles. Inside each cage, a 1-meter by 0.5-meter by 1-meter multi-layer net platform should be placed as a resting area for the squid. A 15 cm escapement net at the top of the cage helps prevent them from escaping.
**Seed Stocking**
It's best to start with young squid, stocking them at a density of 150 per square meter. If black pups are used without smaller ones, the density can go up to 500 per square meter. Before placing the seedlings in the cage, they should be treated with a medicinal bath to reduce the risk of infections.
**Feeding Management**
1. **Water Quality Control**: Maintaining proper salinity (1.01–1.02), dissolved oxygen (at least 5 mg/L), and pH (7–8.5) is essential for healthy growth. Some farms now use microbial preparations like EM (Effective Microorganisms) to improve water quality, mix feeds, and prevent diseases, achieving great success.
2. **Feeding Practices**: Feeding should follow the "four principles": timing, location, quality, and quantity. Feed once daily at 5 AM and 8 PM except during colder months when feeding is done only once at night. Use fixed bait stations, high-quality compound feed, and add vitamins. The feeding amount varies depending on the squid’s life stage: 15% for adults, 3% for young, 5% for juveniles, and 0.5–1% during hot and cold seasons.
3. **Sorting and Culling**: After about a month of rearing, the density increases, and individual sizes become more varied. Regular sorting based on size and strength is necessary to maintain uniform growth. Handle the squid carefully to avoid injury and infection.
4. **Cage Replacement**: To keep the environment clean, replace cages every 10 days in summer and autumn, and every 50 days in spring and winter. Clean the old cages thoroughly before reuse.
5. **Daily Management**: Monitor water conditions regularly, record temperature, pH, feeding, and disease prevention measures. Observe the squid’s behavior and growth, and address any issues promptly.
**Disease Prevention**
Maintaining good water quality is the first line of defense against disease. Poor conditions can lead to bacterial gill rot, tail rot, and parasitic infections, especially during warmer months. Using beneficial microbes to control the water environment is essential. If bacterial gill rot occurs, treat the affected fish with a 100-times diluted EM solution or apply a concentrated EM mixture directly to the infected areas. It usually takes 4–5 days to recover. For bacterial enteritis, feed the squid with EM-enriched food immediately for effective results.