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In recent years, despite fluctuations in the market price of squid, the cultivation of species like European eel and sea bream in floating cages remains a promising venture with significant economic potential. These species are not only abundant in seedlings but also offer favorable conditions for aquaculture.
**Water Quality Environment**
For optimal growth, it's recommended to place cages near estuaries where the water is clear, open, and has low wind speed. The ideal water temperature ranges from 8°C to 30°C, with a current speed of less than 1 m/s—ideally around 0.5 m/s. Maintaining good water quality is essential for the health and development of the aquatic life.
**Cage Specifications**
Using three-meter or six-meter seamless mesh cages is advisable for seawater farming. The mesh size should be 0.5 cm for raising black pupae and 0.8 cm for larger sizes. Inside each cage, a 1m x 0.5m x 1m multi-layer net platform can be placed as a resting area for the squid. A 15 cm escapement net should remain open to prevent them from escaping.
**Seed Stocking**
It’s best to start with young squids, stocking them at a density of 150 per square meter. If black pups are used without mature individuals, the density can go up to 500 per square meter. Before placing the seedlings, they should be treated with a medicinal bath to reduce the risk of disease.
**Feeding Management**
1. **Water Quality Control**: Maintaining clean and stable water is crucial. Seawater salinity should be between 1.01 and 1.02, dissolved oxygen levels must be above 5 mg/L, and pH should stay within 7 to 8.5. Many farms now use microbial preparations like EM (Effective Microorganisms) to improve water quality and reduce disease outbreaks.
2. **Feeding Practices**: Feeding should follow the "four principles": timing, location, quality, and quantity. In early spring and winter, feed once at 8 PM, while in other seasons, feed twice daily—at 5 AM and 8 PM. Use fixed feeding stations, provide high-quality compound feed with added vitamins, and adjust the amount based on the squid's weight.
3. **Sorting and Culling**: After about a month, the population density increases, and individual sizes vary greatly. Regular sorting by size and strength is necessary to ensure even growth and reduce stress. Handle the animals carefully to avoid injury and infection.
4. **Cage Replacement**: To maintain hygiene, replace cages every 10 days during summer and autumn, and every 50 days in spring and winter. Clean the old cages thoroughly before reusing them.
5. **Daily Monitoring**: Keep detailed records of water quality, temperature, feeding habits, and any signs of disease. Regular observation helps detect problems early and ensures timely intervention.
**Disease Prevention**
Maintaining clean water is the first line of defense against diseases. Poor water quality can lead to issues like tail rot, gill disease, and parasitic infections. Beneficial microbes must be kept under control to ensure a healthy environment.
If bacterial gill disease occurs, treat affected fish by immersing them in a 100-fold diluted EM solution. For severe cases, apply a concentrated EM solution directly to the infected area. Symptoms usually improve within 4 to 5 days.
For bacterial enteritis, feed the squid with EM-enriched food immediately. This method has proven effective in reducing illness and improving survival rates.
Overall, successful squid farming requires careful attention to water quality, proper feeding, regular maintenance, and proactive disease management. With these practices in place, aquaculturists can achieve sustainable and profitable results.