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Tomato "flower face" is not only unattractive but also negatively impacts the quality, yield, and profitability of the crop. Understanding the causes behind this issue and implementing effective prevention strategies can significantly improve tomato production. Here are the key factors and solutions to reduce the occurrence of "flower face."
First, variety selection plays a crucial role in preventing "flower face." Different tomato varieties have varying levels of resistance to this condition. It's advisable for growers to choose cultivars that are known for their low incidence of "flower face," as this can help reduce the problem from the start.
Second, proper fertilization is essential. Excessive nitrogen, combined with deficiencies in phosphorus, potassium, and boron, can lead to "flower face." When there's too much vegetative growth, chlorophyll levels increase, which inhibits lycopene formation, resulting in yellow spots on the fruit. Boron and potassium deficiencies can also impair nutrient transport, causing brown or necrotic areas on the fruit. Additionally, during the late growth stage, if plants experience early senescence, the fruits may not develop properly, leading to uneven coloration and green stripes. To avoid these issues, farmers should focus on balanced nutrition, using organic fertilizers and ensuring all necessary nutrients are present in appropriate amounts.
Third, temperature management is vital. If the fruit surface temperature exceeds 32°C, it can hinder lycopene synthesis, leaving parts of the skin green or brown. On the other hand, temperatures below 8°C can disrupt lycopene formation, making it impossible for the fruit to turn red even when conditions improve. High night temperatures can also increase respiration rates, reducing nutrient accumulation and affecting fruit development. Therefore, maintaining an optimal temperature range—between 25°C to 30°C during the day and 13°C to 17°C at night—can greatly help prevent "flower face."
Fourth, managing light and water is important for healthy fruit development. Too much or too little light can interfere with color development. When the soil is dry and transpiration is high, the roots may struggle to supply enough water and nutrients, leading to poor fruit color. Pruning can improve air circulation and light penetration, but care should be taken to avoid direct sunlight on the fruit during hot periods. Farmers should leave at least one leaf above each fruit to provide shade. Watering should be done based on soil moisture, avoiding overwatering or underwatering, which can damage roots and affect overall plant health.
By carefully addressing these factors—variety selection, fertilization, temperature control, and light and water management—growers can effectively reduce the occurrence of "flower face" and produce higher-quality tomatoes. These practices not only enhance appearance but also improve yield and marketability.