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Tomato "flower face" is not only unattractive but also negatively impacts the fruit's quality, yield, and overall profitability. This condition, characterized by uneven coloration, yellow spots, or green streaks on the tomato surface, can be prevented through proper agricultural practices. Below are the key causes and effective prevention methods.
First, choosing the right variety plays a crucial role in reducing the occurrence of "flower face." Different tomato varieties have varying levels of resistance to this issue. Therefore, it's recommended that growers select cultivars known for their low incidence of flower face, ensuring better results in both appearance and productivity.
Second, improper fertilization can significantly contribute to the problem. Excessive nitrogen, along with deficiencies in phosphorus, potassium, and boron, can lead to several issues. Overly vigorous vegetative growth increases chlorophyll levels, which hinders lycopene formation, resulting in yellow spots on the fruit. A lack of boron and potassium disrupts nutrient transport, causing brown necrotic areas. Additionally, during the later stages of growth, if plants show early senescence, the fruits may not develop properly, leading to incomplete red coloration and yellow patches. To avoid these problems, farmers should use balanced fertilizers, with organic matter as a primary source, and ensure all essential nutrients are adequately supplied.
Third, temperature management is another critical factor. When fruit temperatures exceed 32°C, lycopene synthesis is inhibited, resulting in green or brown patches on the skin. On the other hand, temperatures below 8°C can damage the lycopene structure, preventing the fruit from ripening properly even when moved to warmer conditions. Moreover, high night temperatures increase respiration rates, reducing nutrient accumulation and affecting fruit development. To prevent this, maintain daytime temperatures between 25°C and 30°C, and nighttime temperatures between 13°C and 17°C.
Fourth, controlling water and light conditions is essential for healthy tomato growth. Both excessive and insufficient light can interfere with the fruit’s color change. When the soil is dry and the plant experiences high transpiration, the roots struggle to supply enough water and nutrients, leading to poor fruit color. Pruning can improve air circulation and light penetration, but care must be taken to avoid direct sunlight on the fruit during hot periods. It's advisable to leave at least one leaf above each fruit to provide shade. Watering should be done carefully, following the "see dry, see wet" principle to prevent root damage and ensure consistent moisture levels.
By implementing these strategies—selecting suitable varieties, maintaining balanced nutrition, regulating temperature, and managing light and water—growers can effectively reduce the occurrence of tomato "flower face," ultimately improving fruit quality and farm income.