In regions experiencing heavy rainfall, particularly during summer and autumn, excessive soil moisture can lead to elongated shoots, delayed fruit ripening, and a decline in fruit quality. When water accumulates around the base of the vines, it can cause root hypoxia, which hinders respiration, suffocates the roots, and ultimately leads to plant death. To prevent these issues, proper drainage systems must be incorporated into vineyard design. Typically, drainage ditches are integrated with existing roads and windbreaks. One side of the main road is connected to the primary external drainage channel, while smaller drainage channels are installed along the field work paths. These secondary drains help direct excess rainwater away from the vineyard. Additionally, community-level drainage systems should also be directed outside the vineyard area. It is crucial that all levels of the drainage system remain open and unobstructed. If financial resources allow, underground drainage pipes should be installed. This not only improves the aesthetics of the vineyard but also makes field operations more efficient. During the rainy season, the outlets can be easily accessed, allowing for timely water drainage and reducing the risk of waterlogging and crop damage. A well-designed drainage system is essential for maintaining healthy vines and ensuring long-term productivity.

Frozen Hairtail

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