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Pepper leaves offer greater nutritional value compared to fruit peppers and are a more cost-effective option when used as a feed additive for livestock and poultry. Studies have shown that dried pepper leaves contain 9.74% essential amino acids, while fresh leaves have 4.1%. Additionally, the sweet-tasting amino acids in fresh pepper leaves reach up to 8.01%. Mineral analysis revealed that pepper leaves are richer in several key elements such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and selenium—except for magnesium. Notably, the selenium content in pepper leaves is twice that of fruit peppers, and calcium levels are more than three times higher. In addition, pepper leaves are also rich in carotene and various vitamins, making them a highly nutritious feed ingredient.
Harvesting, processing, and storing pepper leaves is straightforward. After the pepper pods are harvested in autumn, they are bundled into bales, placed in shaded areas to dry, and then stored in a warehouse. Alternatively, once the stalks are dry, they can be gently beaten with sticks to help the leaves fall off easily. The leaves can then be crushed and stored for future use, making the process both simple and efficient.
When it comes to feeding, dry leaf powder can be directly mixed into animal feed, or fresh leaves can be fed directly. Trials have shown promising results: weaned pigs fed 50 grams of dry leaf powder daily gained 24.8% in weight over 60 days. For shelf pigs, feeding 100 grams of dried leaf powder every other day for 30 days resulted in a 15.6% increase in weight. Chicks given 3% leaf powder saw a 32.5% improvement in weight gain over 28 days, while laying hens experienced a 5–6% increase in egg production. Even after 30 days, egg production increased by 5.9%. Rabbits fed 10.5% leaf powder showed a 32% weight gain after 30 days, with improved coat shine, better health, stronger disease resistance, and higher survival rates. Overall, pepper leaves prove to be a valuable and effective feed supplement with significant benefits across different types of livestock.