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First, prevention through species selection. The occurrence of "flower face" in tomatoes is closely related to the variety. Different tomato varieties have varying levels of resistance to this issue. When planting, it's advisable to choose varieties with a lower incidence of flower face to reduce the risk.
Second, prevention through proper fertilization. Imbalances in nutrients, such as high nitrogen levels or deficiencies in phosphorus, potassium, and boron, can lead to several problems. Excessive vegetative growth increases chlorophyll content, which suppresses lycopene production and causes yellow spots on the fruit surface. A lack of boron and potassium can also impair nutrient transport, leading to brown or necrotic spots on the fruit. In addition, during the later stages of growth, premature aging of the plant may result in underdeveloped fruits that fail to fully ripen, showing yellow patches and green stripes. To prevent these issues, farmers should focus on using organic base fertilizers and ensure a balanced mix of essential nutrients.
Third, temperature control plays a crucial role in preventing "flower face." Studies show that when fruit temperatures exceed 32°C, lycopene synthesis is hindered, resulting in green or brown skin. Conversely, temperatures below 8°C can disrupt lycopene formation and prevent the fruit from turning red properly. High nighttime temperatures increase respiration rates, reducing nutrient accumulation and affecting fruit development. Therefore, maintaining an optimal temperature range—between 25–30°C during the day and 13–17°C at night—is essential for healthy tomato development.
Fourth, managing light and moisture levels is important for fruit quality. Light intensity and water availability directly affect photosynthesis and transpiration. Too much or too little light can interfere with color development. Dry soil increases evapotranspiration, making it harder for roots to supply enough water and nutrients, which leads to poor fruit color. Farmers can improve light penetration by pruning excess foliage, but they should avoid direct sunlight on the fruit during hot weather. It's recommended to leave at least one leaf above each fruit to provide shade. Watering should be done based on soil moisture, avoiding overwatering or underwatering, which can damage the root system and affect overall plant health.
By combining these four strategies—selecting the right variety, maintaining proper nutrition, regulating temperature, and managing light and moisture—growers can significantly reduce the occurrence of "flower face" and produce high-quality, evenly colored tomatoes.