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Corn gray spot disease, also known as leaf spot or corn leaf spot, has become increasingly prevalent in recent years, posing a serious threat to corn crops. This disease is caused by fungal pathogens and can significantly reduce yield and quality if not managed effectively.
Symptoms of the disease typically appear on the leaves. Initially, small, elliptical or oblong lesions form, with no clear boundaries. These lesions are gray to light brown in color and may darken over time. The lesions are often confined between the parallel veins of the leaves, measuring approximately (4-20) mm in length and (2-5) mm in width. Under high humidity conditions, a gray moldy layer may develop on the back of the lesions, indicating active fungal growth.
The disease is primarily caused by three fungal species: *Sphaceloma cerevisiae*, *Cercospora zeae-maydis*, and *Cercospora sinensis*. These pathogens survive the winter on infected plant debris, serving as the primary source of infection for subsequent seasons. The disease tends to occur more frequently during wet July and August, leading to excessive dry leaves in certain fields. Under dry conditions, the pathogens can survive on infected residues, but they cannot overwinter effectively in moist environments. Factors such as topography and planting patterns have a significant impact on disease occurrence, while sowing date, planting density, and fertilizer use have relatively little influence.
To manage corn gray spot disease, several control methods can be employed. Agricultural practices include selecting resistant corn varieties, reducing initial infection sources through crop rotation and proper field sanitation, and using intercropping to improve air circulation and lower humidity. Removing diseased plant material after harvest and practicing long-term crop rotation are essential for breaking the disease cycle. Field management should also focus on timely drainage after rainfall to prevent waterlogging.
Chemical control measures are effective when applied early in the disease development stage. Commonly used fungicides include 75% chlorothalonil at 500 times dilution, 50% carbendazim at 600 times, 40% mancozeb at 800–900 times, 50% benomyl at 1500 times, 25% benzimidazole at 800 times, and 20% triadimefon at 1000 times. Regular monitoring and timely application can help suppress the disease and reduce pathogen populations for the following season.
By combining these strategies, farmers can effectively manage corn gray spot disease and minimize its impact on crop productivity.