Protected cultivation of grapes refers to two types of facilities (usually divided into plastic greenhouses and greenhouses, the former is also called

Cold sheds, the latter called greenhouses) under the conditions, take the appropriate cultivation techniques for grape production. According to the beginning

In the early morning and evening of production and mature harvest times in the year, it is divided into three ways: promoting cultivation, delaying cultivation, and promoting delayed cultivation.

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Different production facilities and different cultivation methods can provide an annual supply of fresh fruit.

First, to break the dormancy: The decision to break the dormancy time is mainly based on the facility conditions and the planned time to market.

1.10-November listing. Can use open-cultivated late-maturing varieties or early and late-maturing varieties of fruit 2 times in nature

Under the growing conditions, the plastic film is kept cold in late September, and it can be harvested 20-30 days later than the normal harvest period.

, that is, listed in October-November.

2. Listed before and after New Year's Day. Summer shoots can be used to start production in August. Short cuts or heavy topping can be achieved.

2 or 3 times fruiting, flowering in September, holding sheds in mid-to-late September; winter bud shoots can also be used as a result, in August

Cut the leaves shortly before the first, and then apply lime nitrogen (calcium cyanamide) to the selected winter buds and petiole marks of the selected result.

It sprouted in mid-August, flowered in September, and was insulated in the middle and late September.

3. Listed before and after the Spring Festival. Utilizing the result of winter bud shoots, short cuts, picking leaves, lime-lime nitrogen in September, mid-September

Deduction film insulation. This period of cultivation should be carried out in a greenhouse, and there should be heating facilities.

April-May listing. Using the results of winter buds after hibernation, artificial low temperature treatment was conducted from October to November.

In mid-December, the shed was covered, and in mid-December, the results were filled with lime and nitrogen. After coating, the vines were placed side by side and covered.

Moisturizing plastic film (compared with 20 days in advance), germinating in early January, flowering in early February, and flowering

The gibberellin was stained with flowers, and the grapes were treated with precocious glucose and chromic acid before ripening, which could be matured 15 days earlier than without treatment.

Listed from the end of June to the end of June. No artificial measures are taken to use the results of the winter shoots of natural winter buds after sleeping.

It was warmed up in January, and it bloomed in late February and was harvested in May and June.

Second, several key technologies for protected cultivation:

1. Application of lime nitrogen: The role of lime nitrogen is to break the dormancy. The period of use of late-culturing cultivation begins with

The long time is determined, and the use period of the solar greenhouse contributing to cultivation is appropriate for the end of natural dormancy, that is, December, with

Body time can be used from the month before warming up to 20 days after warming up, 10-20 days after warming up, not only germinating and neat

, and it grows robustly. When used, put every kilogram of lime nitrogen into a plastic container with warm water of 40-50°C and 5 kg,

Stir constantly, about 1-2 hours into a uniform paste, then add a small amount of adhesive can be used, should be protected after application

Wet. Lime-nitrogen is toxic. Do not stick to skin or splash eyes.

2. Artificial cryogenic treatment method. After the late fall of the grapes, when the natural minimum temperature is lower than 7.2°C,

When the shed is covered with a straw curtain, the purpose of the shed is not to increase the temperature but to reduce the temperature. Pulls curtains and opens at night

Let the air outlet cool down, cover the curtain during the day and close the air outlet to keep the temperature low, about 30 days. Conditions can also be in the shed

Cool the ice in the rear shed.

3. The use of growth regulators: Gibberellin staining spikes should be carried out from flowering to 3 days after flowering at a concentration of (20)

-40)%26times;10-6; Precocious grape-glucose anaphylaxis; the period of use is that the berries change from hard to soft and have individual granules.

In color, the concentration is about 400 times, the method is to stick or spray ear. After the treatment of these two regulators can make fruit

15-20 days in advance of maturity.

4. Temperature and humidity management: In the premise of breaking the dormancy, the earlier the temperature is kept, the higher the temperature is, and the phenology period begins to increase.

As early as possible, the time required for each growth period is shorter. Therefore, for early fruits, they should be kept as early as possible and be suitable for growth.

Keep the temperature as high as possible within the temperature range.

(1) Before sprouting. Before the shed is fully irrigated, cover the mulch to increase the temperature before the shed. After the shed

The maximum temperature can reach 35°C, and the minimum temperature at night is 7°C and the humidity is about 90%.

(2) Germination to flowering. Maximum daytime temperature 28°C, nighttime 8°C, optimal temperature 21-26°C,

Humidity 80%.

(3) Flowering period. This period is particularly sensitive to temperature and humidity and should be strictly controlled. Highest daytime temperature 30°C at night

The minimum temperature is 12-15°C, the optimum temperature is 22-26°C, and the humidity is 60%.

(4) Fruit enlargement period. Daytime maximum temperature 28°C early, later rise to 30°C, 15 at night

Above °C, the temperature difference between day and night is kept at 12-15°C and the humidity is 60%-70%.

(5) Coloring maturity. Daytime temperature is 28-30°C, 15°C at night, temperature difference between day and night is controlled at 15°C

Below, the humidity is 60%-65%.

5. Trimming technology: Protected cultivation, the following three kinds of pruning methods for high yield in successive years:

(1) Short cut method. After the fruits are harvested and the membranes are harvested, 1-3 shoots are cut short and the new ones are promoted.

Shoots are the result of the next year, and 5-7 buds are short during winter cutting.

(2) Leave the assistant tip method. After the fruit was harvested and removed from the film until mid-July, the original result was left in the shoot and left as a subculture.

The shoots are the result of the mother tree for the following year, and 3-5 buds are trimmed on the secondary shoots during winter cuts.

(3) long stay tip method. Due to the influence of light and nutrition in the shed, it is easy to protect the growth period.

The bottom buds are poorly differentiated, so when the winter cuts, the middle and upper full shoots are left as buds for the next year, generally leaving 7-10 buds.

Cut.

When pruning, the above 3 methods can be coordinated or alternated to maintain a good and compact structure of the tree.

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