Fresh grape is an important tree species in the cultivation of fruit trees in China. However, fruit cracking often occurs before harvest, especially in the later years of fruit ripening. Fruit cracking not only affects the appearance of the fruit, but also leads to the infestation of exogenous microorganisms and rot, which seriously reduces the commercial value of the fruit and is a physiological disease that cannot be ignored in production.
First, the type and performance of cracking fruit. Grapes are often cracked during the ripening period and have a large loss. Due to different varieties, the location and type of cracking occur differently. Generally divided into dense and dilute two kinds of cracking fruit, the occurrence of the causes and mechanisms are also different.
The reason for the cracking of the dense-grained type is early fruit close-contacting, resulting in cracking of the cork. With the development of the fruit, a large amount of water is absorbed by the peel and roots to generate intra-cellular turgor pressure, and the cracked part in contact with the fruit is cracked. The cracking fruit of the dilute grain type also belongs to the same reason, except that the fruit cracking site is not in the contact area of ​​the fruit, but in the vicinity of the fruit top or fruit pedicle with weak peel strength, a large amount of water absorption promotes cracking. Sometimes there are more fruits and more crackers. There are three kinds of dilute fruit cracking: First, the top of the fruit cracks, occurs in the root of the traces of the site, little spillage of fruit juice, the basic does not infect the good, less harmful, but the occurrence is more common; Second, the pedicle split, that from The base of the stalk is split to the equator, the rip is larger, and the overflow of the fruit juice has a great impact on the good fruit. Once it occurs, the loss is serious. Third, the cork is cracked and occurs on the surface of the fruit. Very little outflow, no infection, less harm, but a serious threat to fruit quality.
Second, the cause of cracking. The main reason is that the grape's pericarp tissue is fragile, especially the strength of the peel is weakened with the increase of the fruit maturity; on the other hand, it is related to the increase of the turgor pressure in the fruit due to the cultivation conditions and climate change. Among them, the soil has the greatest impact on the cracking fruit, and there are more cracked soils in the compacted soils and poorly drained dry soils. The trees that have been transplanted and the trees that have sun-burned have more cracked fruits. The result is also related to cracking fruit. As a result, there are too many fruits that are prone to cracking. In addition, when the rainy season is rainy and there is a large change in dryness and humidity during the coloring period, it is prone to cracking. In the case of badly colored trees and poorly colored years, there are many cracks. The cracked fruit in the cork area is mainly because the space around the ear is too small. Under the action of the wind, the fruit particles and the branches and leaves friction to form a cork, and the local tissue becomes fragile. As the fruit enlarges, it breaks in the cork area. In short, Kyoho grape split fruit is mainly due to changes in soil moisture, the second period of fruit growth expansion is slow, the third phase is rapid, the fruit surface deformation, the formation of cracks and depressions and other weak tissue, from the root and fruit surface water swelling, Cracks and depressions partially cracked.
Dehiscence is also closely related to seedlessness. There are no traces of non-nuclear fruit, and this part of the rainy season is full of mold, which damages the peel and cracks. This is one of the reasons for cracking. Another reason is that cracking occurs in fruit with only a single seed, with a single seed on one side, with good development on one side of the seed, and poor development on the non-seed side, which is easily cracked with a slight impact.
Third, preventive measures. The countermeasures against cracking should be different depending on the variety. The main selection is to plant varieties that are not easily cracked. The key to prevention and control of dense-grained fruit cracks is to keep fruits in a proper amount and prevent water absorption. Generally, 7-8 fruits can be produced on every 1 cm of cobs. The simplest way to prevent water absorption is fruit bagging, and it is better to control cracking if facilities can be cultivated. The key to prevention and treatment of dilute fruit cracking is to improve soil management, promote robust trees, maintain normal fruiting and stable fruit development conditions, and appropriately promote early maturing and other measures to reduce cracking. If it can be changed to greenhouse cultivation, the control effect will be better. .
1. Improve soil structure and reduce soil moisture changes. Through open channels, we should do our best to do a good job of drainage work; and increase the permeability of the soil by ploughing and applying organic fertilizer to reduce soil moisture changes.
2, timely irrigation. Keep the soil at a certain moisture content (about 60%). Drought, especially in the dry period after the rainy season, should be timely irrigation.
3, cover the film. On the one hand, it can prevent excessive water absorption in the roots after rainfall; on the other hand, it can inhibit soil moisture evaporation, reduce soil moisture changes, and maintain water balance. However, in the drought, the cover film should be combined with irrigation.
4, Shelter canopy shelter, or ear bagging against rain. When the grape fruit surface directly absorbs rainwater or absorbs water from the root, the fruit will produce turgor, causing fruit cracking. Studies have shown that during the fruit ripening period, the ear is bagged to prevent the skin from absorbing water, which can significantly reduce the rate of cracking. Therefore, taking shelter from rain during rainy days can effectively prevent cracking.
5, adjust the amount of results. The poorly coloured trees of the grapes have a lot of cracks. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the amount of fruit and reduce fruit cracking through sparse, sparse, and sharp spikes.
6, improve the cultivation and management. In the case of strengthening the cultivation and management and ensuring the robustness of the tree, summer shear should be strengthened so that the ear distribution is reasonable without friction with the foliage. At the same time, create good conditions for coloring.
7, weeding weeding. Intertillage can not only eliminate weeds, reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases, but also loosen the soil. Usually cultivating once in 10-15 days, after the rain should be culled in time to spread.

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