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Corn is a crop that requires a balanced supply of essential nutrients throughout its entire growth cycle. When any of these nutrients are lacking, it can significantly hinder the plant's development, reduce yield, and affect the quality of the final product. Here’s a detailed look at the most common nutrient deficiencies in corn and how to manage them effectively.
First, nitrogen deficiency is one of the most common issues. During the early seedling stage, plants may grow slowly, with thin, yellow-green leaves and delayed tasseling. As the plant matures, older leaves develop a yellowing pattern starting from the tip and moving toward the base, forming a “V†shape. The leaf margins remain green and slightly curled before eventually dying. To prevent this, medium fertility fields should apply 11–13 kg of pure nitrogen per acre. In summer corn, it’s best to apply nitrogen in three stages: 20% at the seedling stage, 70% during the dough stage, and 10% at the tasseling and flowering stage.
Next, phosphorus deficiency affects root development and overall plant growth. After the fifth leaf stage, leaves turn purple, especially at the tips and along the edges. This deficiency can lead to poor pollination, reduced ear size, and incomplete grain filling. A typical recommendation is to apply 5 kg of phosphorus pentoxide per acre, usually combined with nitrogen fertilizer at planting.
Potassium deficiency results in weak roots, slow growth, and light green leaves with yellowish stripes. Severe cases cause leaf edges and tips to turn purple and eventually dry out. Plants become more prone to diseases and lodging, and ears may be small and underdeveloped. Applying 6–8 kg of potassium oxide per acre at the seedling stage helps prevent this issue.
Zinc deficiency is particularly noticeable in young plants, where white or pale yellow seedlings appear between the third and fifth leaf stages. Leaves may show white spots, necrotic areas, and even break easily. To address this, zinc sulfate can be applied as a base fertilizer (1–2 kg per acre mixed with soil), used for seed coating (40–60 g per 10 kg seeds), or sprayed as a foliar solution at 0.2% concentration during key growth stages.
Lastly, boron deficiency causes stunted growth, thinning veins in upper leaves, and deformed ears. Male flowers may not develop properly, leading to poor pollination and empty grains. Borax or boric acid can be top-dressed at 0.5 kg per acre or sprayed at a concentration of 0.1% to 0.3%, with 0.2% being the most effective.
By understanding these symptoms and implementing timely nutrient management strategies, farmers can ensure healthier corn crops and higher yields.