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Corn is a water-intensive crop that is not very tolerant to waterlogging. According to field observations, when soil moisture exceeds 80% of the field capacity, it can negatively affect plant growth and development, especially during the seedling stage, where the symptoms are more pronounced. In the later stages of corn growth, the rhizosphere often experiences hypoxia under high temperatures and heavy rainfall. This lack of oxygen leads to root suffocation and necrosis, causing a rapid decline in plant viability, resulting in stunted growth and significant yield losses.
Statistical data shows that a short accumulation of water (1–2 days) around the tasseling period has a relatively minor impact on yield. However, if water accumulates for 3 days, the yield may drop by about 20%, and for 5 days, the loss can reach as high as 40%. Based on regional experience, several management strategies can be applied to maize affected by waterlogging:
1. **Timely Drainage**: As soon as water is detected in the fields, deep ditches should be dug to drain excess water quickly. This helps reduce soil and air humidity, promoting healthier plant growth.
2. **Cultivation and Soil Aeration**: Once the ground dries enough, cultivate the soil to break up compaction and improve permeability. This allows roots to resume normal physiological functions more rapidly.
3. **Increase Nitrogen Fertilizer**: Waterlogged corn often shows symptoms such as yellowing leaves and red stalks, indicating nitrogen deficiency. Applying available nitrogen fertilizer can enhance plant nutrition, boost growth, and minimize yield losses.
4. **Promote Early Maturity**: After waterlogging, plant growth is often delayed, and maturity is postponed. Artificial ripening techniques are necessary. Common methods include:
- **Fertilization Method**: During the silking stage, apply 10 kg of ammonium nitrate or spray 0.2–0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (or 3% superphosphate leaching solution) on the leaves. If silking is delayed, removing some leaves can help increase leaf temperature and speed up development.
- **Leaf Removal**: During the late grain-filling stage, remove the husk leaves to expose the kernels, which aids in dehydration and ripening.
- **Drying Method**: If the planting season has passed but the corn is still immature, cut the plants and spread them in open areas (avoid piling), allowing the leaves to dry before harvesting the ears.
- **Additional Techniques**: During the filling stage, hoeing or plowing along the ridges can help. Alternatively, during the milk stage, spraying a 500-fold dilution of Long-805 oil booster has also shown positive results.
These measures can significantly help mitigate the damage caused by waterlogging and support better recovery and yield in maize crops.