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Corn is a water-intensive crop that is not very tolerant to excessive moisture. Observations show that when soil moisture exceeds 80% of the field capacity, it can negatively affect plant growth and development, especially during the seedling stage, where the effects are more pronounced. In the later stages of corn growth, high temperatures and heavy rainfall often lead to hypoxia in the rhizosphere, causing root suffocation and necrosis, which rapidly reduces plant viability. This results in stunted growth and significant yield losses.
According to statistical data, short-term water accumulation (1–2 days) around the tasseling period has a relatively minor impact on yield. However, if water accumulates for three days, the yield decreases by about 20%, and for five days, the loss can reach up to 40%. Based on experiences from different regions, the following management practices can be applied to corn affected by waterlogging:
1. **Timely Drainage**: As soon as water is detected in the fields, deep ditches should be dug to drain excess water quickly. This helps reduce soil and air humidity, promoting healthier plant growth.
2. **Cultivation and Soil Loosening**: Once the land is dry enough, cultivate the soil to break up compaction and improve permeability. This allows roots to resume normal physiological functions more quickly.
3. **Increase Available Nitrogen Fertilizer**: Waterlogged corn often shows symptoms such as yellowing leaves and red stalks, with stunted growth. Applying nitrogen fertilizer can improve the plant’s nitrogen nutrition, boost growth, and reduce damage caused by water stress.
4. **Promote Early Maturity**: After waterlogging, plants may experience delayed maturity, so artificial ripening measures are necessary. Common methods include:
- **Fertilization Method**: During silking, apply 10 kg of ammonium nitrate or spray 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (or 3% superphosphate leachate) on the leaves. If silking is delayed, removing some leaves can help increase leaf temperature and speed up development.
- **Leaf Removal**: During the late filling stage, remove the upper leaves to expose the ears, aiding in dehydration and ripening.
- **Drying Method**: If the planting season has passed but the corn is still immature, cut the stalks and lay them in open areas (avoid piling them), allowing the leaves to dry before harvesting.
- **Additional Techniques**: During the filling stage, hoeing or plowing along the ridges can help. Alternatively, spraying 500 times diluted Long-805 oil booster during the milk stage has also shown positive results.
These strategies can significantly help mitigate the damage caused by waterlogging and support better recovery and yield in maize crops.