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After being frost-damaged, the seedlings showed visible signs of damage such as dark, water-soaked leaves and stems that gradually died. When the damage was mild, external appearances might not have changed much, but the physiological functions were significantly impaired, which affected the overall growth and development of the plants.
Preventive measures include improving seedling quality through artificial temperature control. It's also important to manage temperature fluctuations by adjusting coverings according to weather changes. During cold waves or periods of low temperatures, it’s advisable to cover the seedlings with materials like straw, keeping them dry to prevent moisture from rain or snow. Additionally, proper lighting, controlled watering, and the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can enhance the cold resistance of the seedlings.
These weak seedlings typically exhibit thin stems, delicate leaves, light green coloration, soft tissues, underdeveloped roots, and slow growth after transplanting. They often have a low survival rate, delayed and irregular flower bud formation, fewer buds, and weak, malformed flowers that are prone to falling off. This results in poor early maturity and reduced yields.
To prevent this, it's crucial to increase light exposure and regulate the temperature in the seedbed. When seedlings become crowded, they should be thinned out promptly to avoid excessive shading. Even during cold days, the covers should be partially removed to allow light access. Once outdoor temperatures are suitable, all covers should be removed to ensure adequate sunlight. The seedbed temperature must be carefully managed according to the specific needs of each growth stage.
If the problem already exists, reducing watering, applying phosphorus and potassium sprays, or using plant growth regulators can help. A 1000-fold dilution of certain growth regulators may be used to promote balanced development.
Another common issue is root rot, often caused by high humidity and low temperatures in the seedbed, especially during cold, windy, or snowy conditions when ventilation is poor. This leads to brown, rotted roots, stunted shoot growth, and yellowing leaves.
To prevent and control root rot, watering should be carefully managed—only water when necessary to avoid over-saturation. If root rot occurs, the seedbed should be ventilated and drained immediately. Dry soil or wood ash can be added to absorb excess moisture, or the evaporation rate can be increased to reduce dampness.
When young seedlings experience growth inhibition, they may develop into stiff or hardy seedlings, characterized by short, thin stems, small leaves, and few roots. These seedlings struggle to produce new roots, and their flower buds fail to develop properly, leading to premature drop and poor growth after planting.
The main causes of stiff seedlings include prolonged seedling age, extended periods of low temperature, or drought stress. To address this, seedlings should be transplanted to more favorable conditions with appropriate temperature and moisture levels to encourage rapid growth. Thinning the seedlings on the bed at a 1000-fold ratio can also improve their health and vitality.