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Chinese cabbage thrives in a cool climate, with optimal growth occurring when the average temperature ranges between 18 to 20°C and under full sunlight. It can briefly withstand temperatures as low as -2°C to -3°C. However, dark green varieties are not heat-resistant and may suffer from stress in high-temperature conditions. The root system of milk cabbage is shallow and weak, which means it requires consistent water and nutrient supply throughout its growth cycle. It is not tolerant of drought or poor soil conditions.
Cultivation Tips:
1. Chinese cabbage can be grown during the frost-free period, from spring to autumn, primarily for harvesting young plants. In spring, when temperatures are lower, it takes about 40 days to mature, while in summer and fall, it can be harvested within 22 to 28 days. During colder seasons, it can be cultivated in protected environments such as greenhouses, allowing for year-round production.
2. For larger plants, the nursery transplant method is recommended. Seedlings should be raised for 20 to 25 days before transplanting, with a spacing of 15 cm by 15 cm. From planting to harvest, it typically takes around 30 days. When using direct seeding, seeds should be spaced 12 to 15 cm apart in rows, with 10 to 15 cm between seedlings. A typical sowing rate is 400 to 500 grams per acre.
3. Field Management:
(1) Water and Fertilizer Application: Since the growth cycle of cabbage is relatively short, it's best to apply organic fertilizer as a base and supplement with top-dressing during the growing season. Top-dressing usually involves quick-release nitrogen fertilizers. The amount and timing of fertilizer should be adjusted based on seedling health, soil conditions, and weather. Frequent, light applications are preferable. Watering should be done in conjunction with fertilization. After transplanting, ensure adequate moisture for 3 to 5 days, especially in summer, where daily watering for 3 to 4 days is recommended.
(2) Weeding and Soil Cultivation: For directly seeded fields, herbicides are effective for weed control. Manual weeding is also necessary during the early seedling stage.
4. Disease and Pest Control: Common diseases include viral infections, downy mildew, and leaf spot. To prevent these, avoid planting near other cruciferous Vegetables, manage irrigation properly, and increase phosphorus and potassium levels to enhance plant resistance. Fungicides like chlorothalonil can be used for treatment. Major pests include aphids, cabbage worms, and diamondback moths. Early detection and control are essential, following standard practices for cruciferous crops.
Harvesting and Seed Collection:
1. Harvesting: Adult plants are ready for harvest when the outer leaves begin to close around the central leaves, and the heart leaves become level with the outer ones. At this stage, the plant weighs approximately 275 grams, and the yield per mu ranges from 1000 to 1600 kilograms.
2. Seed Collection: To maintain purity, Chinese cabbage seeds must be isolated from other varieties of the same genus. The isolation distance should be at least 2,000 meters for original seed farms and no less than 1,000 meters for commercial production. Most seed production occurs in northern regions, often using small-scale strains to ensure quality and genetic integrity.