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In recent years, China's economy has experienced remarkable growth, leading to a significant improvement in people's living standards. As consumer preferences have shifted from merely focusing on quantity to emphasizing quality, there has been a growing demand for high-quality animal products such as meat, eggs, and milk. In this context, the chicken raised in an undergrowth environment stands out due to its superior taste and nutritional value, meeting modern consumers' expectations for safe and healthy food. Moreover, the manure produced by these chickens serves as excellent organic fertilizer, promoting the growth of trees and contributing to sustainable agriculture. Additionally, free-range chickens help control forest pests naturally, reducing the need for expensive feed, fertilizers, and pesticides. This creates a balanced ecological cycle where raising chickens in pastures supports both livestock and forestry development.
Now, let's introduce some key management techniques for free-range chicken farming:
1. **Site Selection**: Choose an area with ample space, clean surroundings, and minimal pollution. The location should be suitable for growing legumes that can serve as natural feed for the chickens. It is also important to place the shed close to the grazing area for easy access.
2. **Pasture Establishment**: A mix of legume grasses (50-70%) and other grasses (30-50%) is ideal for pasture. Recommended legumes include white clover and alfalfa, while grasses like ryegrass are also beneficial. For legumes, apply 8–11 kg per hectare, and for grasses, 5–8 kg per hectare.
3. **Feeding Management**: Follow a structured feeding schedule with five key principles: consistent density, regular feeding, scheduled grazing, periodic weighing, and timely vaccination against diseases.
- **Stocking Density**: During nighttime or bad weather, keep about 15 chickens per square meter inside the shed. When grazing, maintain a density of 300–450 chickens per hectare, with groups of 300–500 birds. Adjust density as the chickens grow.
- **Feeding Schedule**: Feed chickens regularly based on their age. For chicks aged 2–4 weeks, feed them 8 times daily, every 3 hours. For older chickens, reduce to 6 feedings every 4 hours. Always provide fresh water before and after each meal.
- **Grazing Timing**: Implement rotational grazing to protect pastureland and ensure even utilization. Grazing should take place when the weather is favorable and grass is abundant. If grass grows quickly, graze every 20 days; if growth is slow, rotate every 30 days.
- **Regular Weighing**: Weigh 30–40 randomly selected chickens every Sunday afternoon to monitor weight gain and feed conversion ratio. On average, chickens gain 0.25 kg per day, with a feed-to-meat ratio of 1:0.54.
- **Disease Vaccination**: Vaccinate chickens against common diseases such as Newcastle disease, fowl pox, coccidiosis, and infectious bronchitis to prevent outbreaks and reduce economic losses.
4. **Slaughter and Rotation**: Implement an "all-in, all-out" system, where a batch of chickens is raised, sold, and processed together. After each batch, thoroughly disinfect the sheds and pastures to break the disease cycle and improve efficiency. With this system, it is possible to raise 4–5 batches of commercial chickens annually, maximizing productivity and profitability.