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In Haidian District of Beijing, the number of Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEMs) is comparable to the total number found in France. This raises important questions: Are these SEMs being used efficiently? Does Haidian really require such a large number of electron microscopes? And are there issues with redundant purchases? Li Qiang, from the Project Management Department at the Beijing New Materials Development Center, expressed concern about these issues during a discussion on material analysis and testing.
Over the years, Beijing has built up significant experience in material analysis and testing. However, following a survey conducted by the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, titled “Technology Needs of Beijing’s New Materials Industry During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan,†it was found that despite this progress, the city still faces challenges in aligning its analytical testing capabilities with the rapid development of the new materials industry. The supporting role of testing infrastructure in advancing new materials remains underdeveloped.
The backwardness of test technologies significantly impacts the competitiveness of Chinese products. For example, in the rare earth magnet industry, China produces more than 6,600 tons of high-performance sintered NdFeB annually, making up over 40% of global output. Yet, most of these products remain in the mid-to-low end of the market, while Japan and the U.S. dominate the high-end segment. Inadequate analysis and testing standards in China lead to lower export prices and substantial economic losses each year.
Experts emphasize that the chemical composition analysis of rare earth magnets plays a critical role in monitoring product quality. However, there is limited data on comprehensive analysis, especially for trace elements like silicon, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and chloride. These gaps contribute to inconsistent performance and low magnetic properties in domestic products.
Li Qiang pointed out that thorough testing of raw materials to finished products ensures product quality and provides reliable support for both the application and trade of new materials. If the testing industry fails to keep pace with market demands, it will hinder the competitiveness of related products.
Another major issue is the scattered nature of testing resources. A professor from Peking University’s Department of Geology had to send rock samples abroad for age determination, even though multiple institutions in Beijing could perform the task. Domestic results are often not recognized internationally, forcing researchers to send samples overseas for publication purposes. This situation stems from historical departmental management practices, leading to fragmented funding, lack of coordination, and uneven testing methods across institutions.
According to the survey, the utilization rate of testing facilities in Beijing, particularly in universities, remains underused. Zhang Jihong, director of the Beijing New Materials Development Center, called for better sharing of testing resources—not just instruments, but also scientific knowledge, research outcomes, and technical expertise. This lack of integration slows down the overall development of material analysis and limits innovation in new materials technology.
Additionally, the absence of a comprehensive evaluation system for materials poses a challenge. While some physical and chemical properties are tested, there is no unified framework to analyze and synthesize this data. For instance, in the case of green environmental materials, standard testing methods and evaluation systems are lacking. This leads to inconsistencies in assessments, making it difficult to compare and evaluate the performance of different materials effectively.
The report highlights three main problems in environmental protection materials: outdated standards that fail to reflect real performance, varying industry-specific criteria that prevent meaningful comparisons, and lagging evaluation guidelines that make it hard for testing organizations to reach consensus.
Overall, the lack of a scientific evaluation system not only causes confusion within the industry but also leads to resource wastage. As new functional materials continue to emerge, the need for a robust and standardized testing framework becomes increasingly urgent.
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